Unit 3 - Behaviorism

Question 0

Stimulus

Answer 0

Event that produces a response

Question 1

Learning/Conditioning

Answer 1

Change in behavior as a result of experience

Question 2

S–>R

Answer 2

Stimulus yields response

Question 3

Response

Answer 3

Reaction to stimulus

Question 4

Operant Conditioning

Answer 4

Procedure developed by B. F. Skinner to change behavior based on a reinforcement principle that follows a response

Question 5

Positive reinforcement

Answer 5

Increases the likelihood that a response will continue

Question 6

Negative reinforcement

Answer 6

Decreases the likelihood that a response will continue

Question 7

Skinner box

Answer 7

Apparatus used to develop the theory of operant conditioning

Question 8

Shaping

Answer 8

Method of approximations in which responses become more and more similar to the desired final response

Question 9

Extinction

Answer 9

A procedure or process in which an established behavior is undone

Question 10

Two types of reinforcement schedules

Answer 10

1. Continuous reinforcement schedule

2. Partial reinforcement schedule

Question 11

Continuous reinforcement schedule

Answer 11

Reinforcement is given every time the response is made

Question 12

Partial reinforcement schedule

Answer 12

Reinforcement is only given some of the time

Question 13

4 types of partial reinforcements

Answer 13

1. Variable-Interval
2. Fixed-Interval
3. Variable-Ratio
4. Fixed-Ratio

Question 14

Variable-Interval reinforcement schedule

Answer 14

Reinforcement occurs after a varying amount of time

Ex: drug dogs on campus, pop quiz, CHP speed traps

Question 15

Fixed-Interval reinforcement schedule

Answer 15

Reinforcement occurs after a fixed amount of time

Ex: break/lunch, vacations, hourly pay, quiz every Friday

Question 16

Variable-Ratio reinforcement schedule

Answer 16

Reinforcement occurs after a variable amount of responses have occurred
Ex: slot machine, lottery ticket, random assignment going in grade book

Question 17

Fixed-Ratio reinforcement schedule

Answer 17

Reinforcement occurs after a fixed amount of responses have occurred
Ex: buying bonus (BOGO), driving lessons (3=license), 2 violations=Saturday school

Question 18

Classical conditioning

Answer 18

A type of simple learning based on repeated association where two stimuli are linked together and either stimuli can yield the response. Developed by Ivan Pavlov by observing dogs

Question 19

4 types of stimuli and responses

Answer 19

1. Unconditioned stimulus
2. Conditioned stimulus
3. Unconditioned response
4. Conditioned response

Question 20

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 20

A stimulus that elicits a response without conditioning

Ex: smell one of your favorite foods and you become hungry

Question 21

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 21

A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response as a result of an experience
Ex: here fire alarm and go to field

Question 22

Conditioned response

Answer 22

The response that occurs as a result of conditioning

Ex: waking up exactly at 7 am in the morning

Question 23

Unconditioned response

Answer 23

An automatic, unlearned response. A reflex (instinct)

Ex: slamming on the brakes in a car when someone pulls out in front of you

Question 24

Stimulus generalization

Answer 24

The belief that stimuli that are similar will elicit the same response

Question 25

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 25

Responding selectively to stimuli

Question 26

Transfer of training

Answer 26

The use of previous experience (learning) to gain new information