Unit 3 Bio CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
What is atria
A
The top two chambers of the heart that receive blood into the heart.
2
Q
What is ventricle
A
The bottom two chambers of the heart that pumps the blood out.
3
Q
What is atrioventricular valve (AV)
A
This are the valves that are located between the atria and ventricles.
4
Q
What is AV responsible for?
A
To regulate the blood flow form the the atria into the ventrciles.
To prevent the balckflow during ventricular contraction.
5
Q
What are the four AV valve?
A
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
6
Q
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
A
To transport blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
7
Q
True or False: The heart is a muscle that pumps blood.
A
True
8
Q
Fill in the blank: The two upper chambers of the heart are called the _______.
A
atria
9
Q
What are the two main types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?
A
Arteries and veins.
10
Q
What is the role of arteries?
A
To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
11
Q
What is the function of veins?
A
To carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
12
Q
Multiple Choice: What is the largest artery in the body? A) Pulmonary artery B) Aorta C) Femoral artery D) Coronary artery
A
B) Aorta
13
Q
What is the heart’s pacemaker called?
A
Sinoatrial (SA) node.
14
Q
True or False: The right side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood.
A
False
15
Q
Fill in the blank: Blood that is low in oxygen returns to the heart through the _______.
A
veins
16
Q
What is the function of capillaries?
A
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
17
Q
Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Left ventricle D) Right ventricle
A
B) Right atrium
18
Q
What is hypertension?
A
High blood pressure.
19
Q
True or False: The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.
A
True
20
Q
Fill in the blank: The _______ circulatory system carries blood between the heart and lungs.
A
pulmonary
21
Q
What does the term ‘cardiac output’ refer to?
A
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute.
22
Q
Multiple Choice: Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium? A) Tricuspid valve B) Mitral valve C) Aortic valve D) Pulmonary valve
A
B) Mitral valve
23
Q
What is atherosclerosis?
A
A condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
24
Q
True or False: The cardiovascular system is only responsible for blood circulation.
A
False
25
Fill in the blank: The _______ system works closely with the cardiovascular system to transport hormones.
endocrine
26
What is the role of the coronary arteries?
To supply blood to the heart muscle itself.
27
Multiple Choice: Which component of blood is responsible for clotting? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Platelets D) Plasma
C) Platelets
28
What is the function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs.
29
True or False: Plasma makes up about 55% of total blood volume.
True
30
Fill in the blank: The _______ circuit is responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the body.
systemic
31
What is arrhythmia?
An irregular heartbeat.
32
Multiple Choice: Which heart chamber pumps blood to the lungs? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Left ventricle D) Right ventricle
D) Right ventricle
33
What is the primary gas exchanged in the lungs?
Oxygen.
34
True or False: The human heart has four chambers.
True
35
Fill in the blank: The _______ valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
aortic
36
What is the average resting heart rate for adults?
60 to 100 beats per minute.
37
Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart? A) Angina B) Myocardial infarction C) Heart failure D) Arrhythmia
A) Angina
38
What does ECG stand for?
Electrocardiogram.
39
True or False: Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
False
40
Fill in the blank: Blood pressure is measured in _______.
millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
41
What is the role of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?
To return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and help maintain fluid balance.
42
Multiple Choice: Which structure in the heart separates the left and right sides? A) Septum B) Aorta C) Valve D) Pericardium
A) Septum
43
What is the primary component of plasma?
Water.
44
True or False: The heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
True
45
Fill in the blank: The _______ node is responsible for transmitting impulses to the ventricles.
atrioventricular (AV)
46
What is myocardial infarction commonly known as?
Heart attack.
47
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? A) Vein B) Capillary C) Artery D) Venule
C) Artery
48
What is the function of white blood cells?
To fight infection and disease.
49
True or False: Blood is classified as a connective tissue.
True
50
Fill in the blank: The _______ system regulates blood flow and pressure.
nervous
51
What is the primary purpose of the pericardium?
To protect and anchor the heart.
52
Multiple Choice: Which condition is caused by a blockage in a coronary artery? A) Stroke B) Heart attack C) Hypertension D) Atherosclerosis
B) Heart attack
53
What is the role of the pulmonary veins?
To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
54
True or False: The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
True
55
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the largest vein in the body.
vena cava
56
What is the primary role of the aortic valve?
To prevent backflow of blood into the left ventricle.
57
Multiple Choice: Which hormone increases heart rate during stress? A) Insulin B) Adrenaline C) Serotonin D) Cortisol
B) Adrenaline
58
What is the average stroke volume of the heart?
About 70 milliliters per beat.
59
True or False: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.
False
60
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the layer of the heart wall that contracts.
myocardium
61
What is the main function of the valves in the heart?
To prevent the backflow of blood.
62
Multiple Choice: Which blood type is known as the universal donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O
D) O
63
What is the term for the volume of blood in the circulatory system?
Blood volume.
64
True or False: The cardiovascular system does not play a role in temperature regulation.
False
65
Fill in the blank: The _______ are responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs.
alveoli
66
What is the primary function of the spleen in relation to the cardiovascular system?
To filter blood and recycle iron.
67
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel has the thinnest walls? A) Arteries B) Veins C) Capillaries D) Venules
C) Capillaries
68
What is the primary cause of heart disease?
A combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
69
True or False: The cardiovascular system is only active during physical exertion.
False
70
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the heart's outer protective layer.
pericardium
71
What are Purkinje fibres?
Specialized conductive fibers in the heart that transmit impulses to the ventricular muscle.
72
True or False: Purkinje fibres are part of the atrial conduction system.
False
73
Fill in the blank: Purkinje fibres are located in the ______ of the heart.
ventricles
74
What is the primary function of Purkinje fibres?
To rapidly conduct electrical impulses to the cardiac muscle cells.
75
Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart do Purkinje fibres primarily serve?
C. Ventricles
76
What is the significance of the rapid conduction by Purkinje fibres?
It ensures coordinated contraction of the ventricles for effective blood pumping.
77
True or False: Purkinje fibres are larger in diameter than regular cardiac muscle fibers.
True
78
Short Answer: Where do Purkinje fibres originate from?
The bundle of His.
79
Fill in the blank: Purkinje fibres are part of the ______ conduction system.
intrinsic
80
What role do Purkinje fibres play in the cardiac cycle?
They facilitate the contraction of the ventricles during the systolic phase.
81
What is the Bundel of His?
A bundle of specialized heart muscle fibers that transmit electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.
82
True or False: The Bundel of His is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart.
True
83
Fill in the blank: The Bundel of His splits into two branches known as the right and left _____ branches.
bundle
84
What is the primary function of the Bundel of His?
To conduct electrical signals that stimulate the ventricles to contract.
85
Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart does the Bundel of His connect to?
Atrioventricular node
86
Short answer: Who was the Bundel of His named after?
Wilhelm His Jr.
87
True or False: The Bundel of His is responsible for the contraction of the atria.
False
88
What is the clinical significance of the Bundel of His?
It is important for diagnosing and treating heart block and other conduction disorders.
89
Fill in the blank: The Bundel of His is located in the _____ of the heart.
interventricular septum
90
Multiple Choice: Which structure does the Bundel of His directly lead to?
Purkinje fibers
91
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
92
True or False: Arteries have a larger lumen compared to veins.
False.
93
Fill in the blank: The __________ of blood vessels refers to their ability to stretch and recoil.
elasticity
94
Which type of blood vessel has the thinnest walls?
Capillaries.
95
Multiple Choice: Which blood vessel type carries blood away from the heart? A) Veins B) Arteries C) Capillaries
B) Arteries
96
What is the primary function of veins?
To carry blood back to the heart.
97
True or False: The pressure in veins is generally higher than in arteries.
False.
98
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the central cavity of a blood vessel through which blood flows.
lumen
99
What role does smooth muscle play in blood vessels?
It helps regulate blood flow and blood pressure by contracting and relaxing.
100
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for nutrient and gas exchange? A) Arteries B) Veins C) Capillaries
C) Capillaries
101
What are the four main blood types in the ABO system?
A, B, AB, O
102
True or False: Type O blood is considered a universal donor.
True
103
Which blood type has both A and B antigens?
AB
104
Fill in the blank: Individuals with type A blood have __________ antigens on their red blood cells.
A
105
What is the significance of the Rhesus (Rh) factor in blood transfusions?
It determines whether blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative.
106
Which blood type can receive blood from type O?
All blood types can receive from type O.
107
True or False: Rh-negative individuals can safely receive Rh-positive blood.
False
108
What happens if a person receives incompatible blood during a transfusion?
It can cause hemolytic reaction and accute kidney injury
109
Multiple Choice: Which blood type is known as the universal recipient? A) A B) B C) AB D) O
C) AB
110
What does the term 'crossmatching' refer to in blood transfusion?
It is the testing of compatibility between donor and recipient blood.
111
Fill in the blank: The presence of the Rh antigen makes a person __________.
Rh-positive
112
What is the primary concern when transfusing blood?
Preventing transfusion reactions.
113
True or False: Blood type is determined by the presence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
True
114
Which blood type is most common worldwide?
O
115
Fill in the blank: Type B blood has __________ antigens and anti-A antibodies.
B
116
What is the risk associated with Rh incompatibility during pregnancy?
It can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn.
117
Multiple Choice: Which blood type can donate to type B? A) A B) AB C) O D) None of the above
C) O
118
What does it mean if a person is type A Rh-positive?
They have A antigens and the Rh antigen on their red blood cells.
119
True or False: Blood transfusions can be performed without prior blood typing if the donor is type O.
False
120
What is the purpose of blood typing before a transfusion?
To ensure compatibility and prevent adverse reactions.
