Unit 3 Bio Test Flashcards
plant cell
contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole
Bacterial cell
Enclosed by a cell wall, circular DNA, and reproduces asexually - mitosis. Despite containing DNA, does not have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic
cells that do not have a nucleus
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Main difference between plant cells and animal cells
A plant cell: has a cell wall, is an autotroph, and has chloroplasts.
An animal cell: Has centrioles, small vacuoles, and are hetertrophs.
Hydrophobic
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Semi-permeable
membranes that allow some substances through but not others
concentration gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell (high–> low concentration) i.e. simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis.
simple diffusion
movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until balanced; does NOT use enegy
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels from high to low;does not use energy
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, passing through special channels called aquapoints from high to low; does not use energy
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances i.e. water
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Isotonic
Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
Hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
Hypotonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
lipid bilayer
double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference (I.e. protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis)
protein pumps
pumps small molecules against concentration gradient from low to high using low energy
Endocytosis
the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell (think “in”) uses energy
Exocytosis
the process by which a substance is released from a cell through a vescile (think “out”) uses energy
