unit 3 - biomolecules

Question 1

four main groups of macromolecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

Question 2

why is carbon versatile

Answer 2

has 4 valence electrons so it can form 4 bonds, can form chains or rings

Question 3

what are monomers

Answer 3

small carbon-containing molecules

Question 4

what are polymers

Answer 4

long chains of repeating monomers (can be same of different monomers)

Question 5

what is polymerization

Answer 5

the process by which monomers join together into polymers

Question 6

what is dehydration synthesis

Answer 6

monomer + monomer = polymer + h20

Question 7

what is the purpose of carbohydrates

Answer 7

main source of energy for all living things

Question 8

what are carbohydrates composed of

Answer 8

CHO (1:2:1 ratio)

Question 9

example of carbohydrates

Answer 9

sugar, glucose, cellulose

Question 10

what is the monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 10

monosaccharide

Question 11

what is the polymer of carbohydrates

Answer 11

polysaccharide

Question 12

1 sugar molecule is called

Answer 12

monosaccharide

Question 13

2 simple sugar molecules joined together

Answer 13

disaccharide

Question 14

many monosaccharides joined together

Answer 14

polysaccharide

Question 15

monosaccharide example

Answer 15

glucose, galactose

Question 16

disaccharide example

Answer 16

sucrose

Question 17

polysaccharide example

Answer 17

glycogen

Question 18

are lipids water soluble

Answer 18

no

Question 19

what are lipids composed of

Answer 19

CHO

Question 20

what is the function of lipids

Answer 20

store energy long term, insulation, biological membranes

Question 21

what are the two main parts of lipids

Answer 21

hydrophilic heads (glycerol), hydrophobic tails (fatty acid)

Question 22

lipids examples

Answer 22

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

Question 23

saturated fat meaning

Answer 23

max # of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds

Question 24

unsaturated fat meaning

Answer 24

at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms

Question 25

saturated fat example

Answer 25

butter

Question 26

unsaturated fat

Answer 26

olive oil

Question 27

do lipids have monomers/polymers

Answer 27

no, but they are made up of glycerol and fatty acids which make up triglycerides

Question 28

what do nucleic acids do

Answer 28

store/transmit genetic info

Question 29

what are nucleic acids composed of

Answer 29

CHONP

Question 30

what are the monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 30

nucleotides

Question 31

what are nucleotides made up of

Answer 31

5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine), a phosphate group

Question 32

examples of nucleic acids

Answer 32

DNA and RNA

Question 33

what are the monomers of proteins

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

what are amino acids made up of

Answer 34

an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a variable R group (unique to each amino acid)

Question 35

what are amino acids composed of

Answer 35

CHON

Question 36

monomers of proteins are joined via what kind of covalent bond

Answer 36

peptide bonds

Question 37

what is critical for proteins function

Answer 37

final folded form (forms active sites)

Question 38

what are enzymes made of

Answer 38

amino acids

Question 39

examples of proteins

Answer 39

enzymes, cell transport proteins

Question 40

what do enzymes

Answer 40

control rate of chemical reactions

Question 41

what pH is acidic

Answer 41

pH < 7

Question 42

what is pH basic

Answer 42

ph > 7

Question 43

what is pH neutral

Answer 43

7

Question 44

what atoms are acidic

Answer 44

H+ (hydrogen ions)

Question 45

what atoms are basic

Answer 45

OH- (hydroxide ions)

Question 46

do bases accept H+ (acidic) or OH- (basic)

Answer 46

H+ (acidic)

Question 47

do acids accept H+ (acidic) or OH- (basic)

Answer 47

OH-

Question 48

what is carbonic anhydrase

Answer 48

an enzyme

Question 49

which macromolecule exhibits various levels of structure

Answer 49

proteins

Question 50

which macromolecule participates in nearly every chemical reaction

Answer 50

proteins

Question 51

which macromolecule functions in short-term energy storage and structural support

Answer 51

carbs

Question 52

which macromolecule is used to create steroid molecules

Answer 52

lipids