Unit 3 - Cell Structure & Function Vocab

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

Movement of substance from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient), using energy/ATP

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

Behavior/body part that helps organism survive better in the environment

Question 3

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 3

Cellular respiration that requires oxygen

Occurs daily in: animals, plants, fungi, some protists, and some bacteria
Prokaryotes - in cytoplasm
Eukaryotes - in mitochondria
Yield: 32 ATP

Question 4

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 4

anaerobic respiration in yeast and bacteria
glucose -> ATP + carbon dioxide

Question 5

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 5

Cellular respiration without oxygen

Occurs daily in: ALL yeasts, some bacteria, and some protists

Yield: 2 ATP

Question 6

ATP

Answer 6

adenosine triphosphate; energy source and storage for cells, stored in the bonds between the phosphates

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Additional layer (on top of cell membrane) of plant cells for extra protection

Question 8

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Answer 8

Semipermeable layer around the cells cytoplasm

Question 9

Cellular Respiration

Answer 9

Process that creates energy (ATP) for the cell
Glucose + oxygen -> energy (ATP) + carbon dioxide + water

Question 10

Centrioles

Answer 10

organelle in animal cells that form poles of the spindle fibers during mitosis

Question 11

Chlorophyll

Answer 11

green pigment in the chloroplast that traps sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 12

Chloroplasts

Answer 12

organelle that does photosynthesis

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Tiny hair-like projections that are used for movement in protists and that line the respiratory tracts of animals

Question 14

Compound light Microscope

Answer 14

Microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two or more lenses to magnify an object

Question 15

Concentration Gradient

Answer 15

a difference in concentration of a substance in a space

Question 16

Contractile Vacoule

Answer 16

Special vacuole that constantly pumps water out of the cell to survive in marine environments

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

Gel-like material that holds the cells organelles

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

Movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

Molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. Made of segments called genes that control your physical body traits.

Question 20

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 20

No concentration gradient; particles are evenly distributed and continue to move within the cell

Question 21

Electron Microscope

Answer 21

Uses electrons to magnify very small specimen

Question 22

Eyespot

Answer 22

Organelle in Euglena that detects light to find the brightest areas to photosynthesize

Question 23

Flagella

Answer 23

long, whip-like tails used for movement in Euglena

Question 24

Glucose

Answer 24

simple sugar made during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration

Question 25

Homeostasis

Answer 25

Maintaining internal balance even in environmental changes

Question 26

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 26

anaerobic respiration in animals to produce lactic acid that cause muscle soreness/cramps

Question 27

Lysosome

Answer 27

Organelle that digests nutrients with it's digestive enzymes

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

"Powerhouse" of the cell that performs cellular respiration

Question 29

Nucleos

Answer 29

"Brain" of the cell that stores genetic information and controls cell functions

Question 30

Organelle

Answer 30

Structure inside a cell that performs a function

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

Diffusion of water; Movement of water from an area of high to low concentration

Question 32

Passive Transport

Answer 32

Movement of substances from high to low concentration to maintain equilibrium (down the concentration gradient); requires NO energy

Question 33

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 33

a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell/plasma membrane

Question 34

Photosynthesis

Answer 34

Process in chloroplasts in plants, some protist, and some bacteria cells that converts: sunlight (radiant energy) + carbon + water = glucose + oxygen

Question 35

Protein Synthesis

Answer 35

process that makes proteins in cells that includes the two steps of transcription and translation

Question 36

Pseudopod

Answer 36

Amoeba's "false feet" by stretching it's cytoplasm into fingerlike extensions

Question 37

Ribosomes

Answer 37

Organelle that makes proteins through protein synthesis

Question 38

Semi-Permeable

Answer 38

Some can pass through; some can't

Question 39

Solute

Answer 39

Substance dissolved by the solvent

Question 40

Solution

Answer 40

Mixture of dissolved solute in solvent

Question 41

Solvent

Answer 41

Substance that dissolves the solute

Question 42

Total Magnification

Answer 42

(Eyepiece lens magnification) x (objective lens magnification)

Question 43

Turgor Pressure

Answer 43

force created in a cell when water flows in and the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall; plant vacuoles fill, causing internal pressure (cell wall prevents lysis = cell bursting)

Question 44

Vacoules

Answer 44

Organelle that stores food, water, and wastes

Question 45

Vascular Tissues (xylem/phloem)

Answer 45

tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients; xylem and phloem

Question 46

Plasmolysis

Answer 46

Cell shrinks