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Geography > Unit 3 - Challenges of an Urbanising World > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Challenges of an Urbanising World Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Why does Mumbai not follow the LEDC City model? (3)

A

The CBD is near the Island tip, not centre
Mumbai does not follow a circular structure
The Dharavi slums are near the CBD

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2
Q

What 5 parts make up the LEDC City model?

A

1 - CBD 2 - industry along route 3- high cost housing 4- basic housing 5 - Shanty towns

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3
Q

What percentage of Mumbai life in slums?

A

60%

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4
Q

What are squatter settlements?

A

Areas of cities, usually on the outskirts, that are built by people of any material that they can find, on land that does not belong to them.

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5
Q

Where are the Dharavi slums located?

A

In Maharastra in Mumbai

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6
Q

Give 4 key facts about the Dharavi slums

A

1 million people in 1 square mile
70 years old
85% of the people have jobs
6000 businesses

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7
Q

Give 2 air pollution problems in the Dharavi slums

A

Asbestos in the roofs - cause lung cancer

Pottery dunes - cause harmful smoke (soot)

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8
Q

Give 2 water pollution problems in the Dharavi slums

A

Sewage water runs through streets and mixes with drinking water
Children go to the toilet on the streets

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9
Q

Give 2 housing problems in the Dharavi slums

A

21 people live in a 12ft x 12ft home

Made of wood - at risk of fire

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10
Q

Give 2 waste problems in the Dharavi slums

A

Built on a rubbish tip

Toxic waste- causes cholera

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11
Q

Give 2 points for recycling and waster in the DS

A

80% of plastic is recycled

£1 a day for sieving for valuables

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12
Q

Give 2 points for large scale redevelopment in the DS

A

Part of Dharavi is threatened by a $2 billion development project
People who are relocated will be put into smaller housing in apartment blocks

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13
Q

Give 2 points for local brand improvements

A

Toilets at the end of each building

Windows in homes for ventilation

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14
Q

Give 2 points on the slum of hope

A

Daily chores are done in social spheres to make a sense of community
A pottery area is a community area

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of land use?

A

Commercial, industrial, residential

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16
Q

Explain a characteristic of commercial land use

A

Taller buildings as land is expensive and not much space so they build up

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17
Q

Explain a characteristic of industrial land use

A

Away from the CBD as they need more space

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18
Q

Explain a characteristic of residential areas

A

The older properties are closer to the centre as cities grow outwards in rings

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19
Q

What are the 3 main classes in Mumbai?

A

Slums, low middle and upper middle

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20
Q

What is the average salary for a slum dweller?

A

80p per day

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21
Q

What will happen to slum dwellers in the future?

A

They will move out of the slums and into the middle class

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22
Q

Living space for low middle class (2)

A

Small flat

4 people

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23
Q

Jobs for low middle class (3)

A

Carpenters, drivers, decorators

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24
Q

Salary for low middle class

A

$2 a day

Spend $4-6 a day

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25
Future for low middle class
Children work in IT, healthcare or engineering
26
Why do the middle class spend more than they earn?
They have access to credit cards
27
Living space for upper middle class (2)
Luxury 10th floor apartment | 1 bedroom
28
Jobs for upper middle class (2)
Engineer, operations manager
29
Salary for upper middle class
$10 a day | Spend $6-10 a say
30
Future for upper middle class
In 5 years, deposit for their own house
31
What is hyper-urbanisation?
The rapid growth of city areas, in Mumbai, it is happening 3% a year, doubling every 23 years
32
How much of Mumbai’s population live in the slums?
60%
33
Give an example of a new suburb
Navi Mumbai
34
Why do people move from rural to urban? (3)
More jobs, better education facilities (Mumbai has 12 universities), higher incomes
35
What is natural increase
The difference between the number of births and deaths
36
How does natural increase occur in Mumbai?
Young people move to Mumbai for better jobs, settle there, start a family.
37
Statistics of natural increase
1.4% each year, nearly half of Mumbai annual growth
38
Give a push factor of Mumbai
Permanent poverty
39
Pull factor of Mumbai
Better jobs
40
Why are manufacturers moving to Auragabad
They need more space
41
Why are middle classes moving to Navi Mumbai
It is cheaper there, cost of Mumbai is increasing.
42
What is urbanisation?
A process where an increasing proportion of people live in towns and cities.
43
What happened in the UK in 1975
It was the world first country to reach 50% urban population
44
What is a metropolitan area
A region consisting of a densely populated urban core and it’s less populated surrounding territories.
45
What is a conurbation
An urban are consisting of several towns merging, forming a continuous urban area
46
What is a million city?
A city with at east 1,000,000
47
What is a mega city?
A city with at least 10,000,000 people
48
What is a world city?
A city that is a major centre for the global economic system. The importance and influence are bigger than the actual size.
49
What are the 2 world cities?
London | New York
50
Give 2 points on New York and economy
1 out of 21 are millionaires | 25% of the world’s gold is in vaults under Wall Street
51
Give 1 fact about London and transport
It was the first city to have an underground railway
52
Give 2 facts about New York and transport
It has the top international air passenger gateway to the US | More than 10,000 yellow cabs
53
Give 2 facts about culture in London
300 different languages | 14 different faiths practiced
54
Give 2 facts about culture in NY
36% of its population is foreign born | Roughly half the population don’t speak English at home.
55
Give 3 facts about rural to urban migration in China
270 million migrant workers have left a life of farming Migrate for jobs and money Study in finance
56
Why is counter-urbanisation happening in Detroit
Due to de-industrialisation Used to be 1.85 million people, now only 50,000 Poor population couldn’t pay for services, went bankrupt
57
What is international migration?
Migrating from country to country
58
What is internal migration?
Migrating within a country, not necessarily from rural to urban
59
What is the informal sector?
Where the economy is neither taxed or monitored by any form of government
60
Give 3 examples of informal sector businesses
Market stalls Car boot sales Online or in person sales
61
Give 2 points of the location of Kampala
Southern Uganda | Continent of Africa
62
Give to informal sector points about Kampala
It is 50% of its GDP | 5% manufacturing
63
Give 2 location points on New Delhi
In India | Capital of India
64
Give 2 informal sector points for New Delhi
75% of the city | 50% of India’s GDP
65
Give 2 formal sector out s for New Delhi
78% of the city’s GDP | 20 is from manufacturing
66
Give 2 location pints for NY
East coast of North America | USA
67
Give 2 formal sector points on NY
10% is from manufacturing | Financial sector is 10%
68
Give 2 advantages for the informal sector
Control your own earnings | More flexible
68
Give 2 disadvantages for the informal sector
Potentially illegal | Irregular payment
69
Give 2 advantages for the formal sector
Stable pay | Career progressions
70
Give 2 disadvantages of the formal sector
Can be sacked | Need an education
71
What is suburbanisation
People move from inner suburbs to outer suburbs
72
What is counter urbanisation
When people migrate from urban to rural areas
73
What is re-urbanisation?
When people leave the city and come back later
74
How many people live in NY
8.538 million (2015)
75
What percentage of NY population are immigrants?
37%
76
Give 2 reasons why suburbanisation occurred in NY
Overcrowded | Had to grow outwards
77
Why do some people live further from NY city? (2)
It has more space | Buy larger houses
78
What is white flight?
When all the white people left the inner - city and moved to the suburbs
79
Why did people re-urbanise in NYC?
The city was safer due to a zero tolerance police | The knowledge economy provided employment
80
Give 3 things found in the city centre
Central Business District (CBD) Shopping Skyscrapers
81
Give 3 things fund in the inner city
Terraced houses Old factories Vacant housing
82
Give 3 things found in the inner suburbs
Semi detached housing with gardens More space Less congestion
83
What is the housing like in the outer suburbs? (2)
Newer and more expensive | Detached
84
Give 3 land uses of the rural-urban fringe
Agriculture Businesses Shopping
85
What are the 5 parts of the Burgess Model?
``` CBD Inner city Inner suburbs Outer suburbs Rural-urban fringe ```
86
Give 4 points on Mumbai’s railway
Worlds biggest railway 21 hours a day, 365 days a year 2.5 billion journeys a year 3500 people die every year
87
Give 2 problems with housing Mumbai face due to an increase in population
Not enough money to build them | Slums will develop
88
Give 2 negative facts about waste disposal and water supply in Mumbai
800 million litres of untreated sewage go into the river every day 60% use communal taps
89
What is sustainable development
Improving the quality of life without compromising the future generations
90
What is top-down development?
Schemes that are funded by the large companies of decisions made by the national government. Local people don’t get involved.
91
What is the overall aim of Vision Mumbai
To improve the quality of life
92
When is Vision Mumbai to be completed?
2050
93
What are the 4 main aims of Vision Mumbai
Demolish slums Improve water, sanitation and healthcare Boost economic growth Improve rail and road transport
94
How is VM boosting the economic growth (1)
Developers would buy slum land
95
How is VM going to improve sanitation?
Build 300 extra public toilets | Restore 325 ‘green’ spaces that were used for dumping waste
96
Why will VM demolish slums
Land is worth $10 billion | Extra 30% more land
97
How will VM improve transport
Improve train capacity and safety | Widen and beautify main roads
98
Give 3 points that are for VM
In 2007, 45,000 slum homes were demolished In 2015, new smashers were taken to improve the air quality. Train platforms have been raised to prevent people from falling in the gaps
99
Give 3 points against VM
The waiter quality has not improved and there is now an increase in discharge New 14 storey apartment blocks have spit communities. Slums are still rapidly growing
100
What is bottom-up development
Experts work with communities to identify their needs, offer assistance and let people have more control over their lives.
101
Give 3 points about the healthcare in Mumbai
Diseases spread easily There is not national health service There is the disease Leprosy
102
What is Lok Seva Sangham
A voluntary agency who aim to control, leprosy
103
Give three key facts about Lok Seva Sangam
Registered in 1976 Treated 28,000, cured 21,000 Started with a 100 bed hospital
104
Give two health-related work points for LSS
75% of people treated have been cured | Employed full time medical staff including 3 nurses
105
Give 2 education points about LSS
They work with women to teach them about sanitation, like washing hands before touching food. Teachers persuade people that treatment is easy

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