Unit 3: Changes in European Institutions Flashcards
manorialism
Europe
The system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe
Manorialism and Feudalism in Western Europe
decline prosperity in Rome led people to sell land to large estate owners
some went to cities, some stayed on land=>protection by land owner in exchange for agriculture work
manorialism became more widespread
Vikings from Scandinavia invade Europe 9th century=>people turned to feudalism for protection
feudalism: a political, economic, and social system based on the relationship btw The Lord and vassal in order to provide protection
nobles or landlords offer benefices to vassals in exchange for military service in lord’s army or agriculture labor on lord’s estate=> a fief
benefices
privileges
vassals
in medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege
fief
Europe
grant of land
feudalism
Western Europe
.
chivalrey
west Europe
contract between vassal and lord
followed only by knights
serfs
couldn’t be bought or sold and could pass on property to heirs
The Beginnings of Regional Governments
Western Europe
Franks rose in prominence in france, west Germany, and Belgium
convert to Christianity 5th century
after, lots more people found Europe strengthening
Italy and Germany called themselves Holy Roman Empire to connect with Rome; not even close to Roman size
Italy separate in city states
Germany separate states run by feudal lords
Delay unification of Italy and Germany: Norman invasion 1066=>Duke Normandy (William the Conqueror)(Viking descent) arrived in England from his province of Normandy in north France
he brought his form of feudalism to England: all vassals owe allegiance directly to monarch
The Growth of Parliamentary Government in England
had limitations to power of monarch
even under feudalism, nobles had good amount of influence
1215, try to control tax policies of King John=>English nobles forced King to sign Magna Carta
1st English parliament, 1265, extension of rights of collaboration btw king and vassals
House of Lords: clergy and nobility
House of Commons: urban elite classes
Also parliaments in Spain, France, Scandinavia, and parts of Germany
Magna Carta
document that endowed the English nobility with basic rights that were later interpreted to extend to the other English social classes as well
Renewed Economic Growth
medieval period, there was political disorder
9th century: Roman Empire showed signs of recovery in economic and technological innovation(moldboard plow)
effective knights
improve agriculture=>population growth
land lords pay serfs salary to work on land
security because Vikings stopped invading and started settling, too :)
schools in France to educate children
The Crusades
introduced the West to sugarcane, spices, and luxury goods: porcelain, glass, carpet
4th crusade: merchants from Venice express rivalry w/ Eastern merchants by looting Constantinople
West Europe expand population and area
Vikings explore North Atlantic: Iceland, Greenland, NE North America
Between Church and State
rivalry: church leaders and monarchs
church sometimes take role of feudal lord: own large land; sometimes monks and priests set aside religion to concentrate on getting material possessions(opposite of their message)
investiture
Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV=>excommunication of Henry IV (pope had upper hand)
Investiture
process by which monarchs appointed church bishops
