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AP Euro > Unit 3—Chapters 13 & 14 > Flashcards

Unit 3—Chapters 13 & 14 Flashcards

0
Q

James I

Rule and relationship with Parliament

A 
First Stuart monarch in England
Catholic
Also king of Scotland
Only called Parliament when he needed money
Had big terrifs
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1
Q

Absolute Rule

A

Ruler believes he’s been chosen by God (Divine Rite of Kings)
Ruler doesn’t consider representative assemblies or Parliaments

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2
Q

James I foreign policy

A

Made peace treaty with Spain in 1604
Retracts penal laws against catholics
Didn’t help protestants during Thirty Years War

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3
Q

Hampton Court Conference

A

1604

James I says he’ll ignore all protestants

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4
Q

Charles I’s Extra-parliamentary measures

A

Did most of his work outside of parliament

Renewed many taxes that had been discontinued long ago

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5
Q

The Petition of Right

A

1628
Charles asks parliament for money. They say they’ll give it to him if he agrees to set parliament control his income. He agrees, but later realized he didn’t have as much power as he wanted and disbanded Parliament in 1629

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6
Q

Facts about the “Long Parliament”

A

1640-1660
Consisted of merchants, landlords, Puritans, and conservative Anglicans.
They tell Charles that he has to sign to make England a limited monarchy, so he dissolves parliament.
They don’t dissolve even though he told them to.

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8
Q

English Civil War

A 
*1642-1646/1649
Cavaliers: Monarch's soldiers
Roundheads: Parliament's soldiers
Oliver Cromwell lead the Roundheads after first half. He taught them to fight guerrilla and they pwn'd.
*1649: Charles I executed
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8
Q

England after Oliver Cromwell

A

The Restoration

They wanted monarchy back

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9
Q

England under Oliver Cromwell

A

*1649-1660
Republic of the Commonwealth
Puritan Extremist Military Dictatorship
Cromwell disbands parliament in 1653

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10
Q

Treaty of Dover

A

1670
Between England and France against Netherlands
Charles tells Louis XIV that he’ll openly convert to Catholicism when the time is right. He doesn’t until he’s on his death bed.

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12
Q

The Test Act

A

1672
Made by Parliament in response to Declaration of Indulgences of 1672
Made everyone deny Transubstantiation if he wanted to gain any sort of official power

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13
Q

16th-17th century Netherlands

A

Independence from Spain in 1572
Calvinism was official religion. Many Jews. Different religions lived together peacefully
Monarchy, but with strong Parliamentary backing
Republic. Each province had its own power

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14
Q

Dutch economic prosperity

A

High urban consolidation
Transformed agriculture
Extensive trade and finance
Oversees commercial empire

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15
Q

Dutch economic decline

A

18th Century
Dutch prevented another Stadtholder from gaining power after William III of Britain died
Unified political leadership vanished

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16
Q

William III of Orange

A

He allowed Netherlands to become a permanent country in Europe

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17
Q

Two most important models of European political organization

A

Political Absolutism

Parliamentary Monarchy

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18
Q

Religious Policies of Charles I

A

Opposition to Presbyterian Scots and English Puritans

Tried to impose a prayer book on the Scots very similar to the Book of the Common Prayer

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19
Q

The Popish Plot

A

1678
Titus Oats swore that Charles II’s Catholic wife was plotting with Jesuits and Irishmen to kill Charles so James could assume the throne.

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20
Q

Declaration of Indulgences of 1687

A

Suspended all Catholic penal laws

By James II

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21
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

*1688
Parliament invited the rulers, William and Mary(English king’s sister), from Netherlands to invade England and rid them of Catholic rule.

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22
Q

The Act of Settlement of 1701

A

Made house of Hanover the next ruling dynasty in England
George I was first Hanover ruler
50 others were closer in line, but they were all Catholic, so they could’t become English monarch

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23
Q

The Act of Union

A

1707
Created United Kingdom of England, Scotland, and Wales
During Anne Stuart’s reign

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24
Q

Robert Walpole

A

First Prime Minister of England

Didn’t try to get to much power; was modest

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25
Q

Cardinal Armand Richelieu

A

“Heavy handed centralization”
Chief adviser to Louis XIII
Gave a lot of power to the lesser nobility

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26
Q

Louis XIV’s relationship with the French nobility

A

Made nobility, especially the lesser nobility, feel as if they had power and say in political affairs.

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27
Q

Louix XIV’s reign

A

1643-1715
Outlived children and grandchildren
Was the longest ruling monarch Europe had seen

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28
Q

Versailles

A

Hugemongantuan

It consumed over half of France’s treasury every year to maintain.

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29
Q

Louis XIV’s religious acts

A

Suppressed Jansenists
Hurt Gallican Liberties
Believed in Religious uniformity

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30
Q

Symbolism of Louis XIV

A

“The Sun King”

No one in Versailles could rise from bed until after the “sun” had.

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31
Q

Jansenists

A

1630s
Catholic religious order against Jesuits
Cornelius Jansen wrote Augustinus
“Original Sin”: Everyone born of Adam and Eve ( Everyone) was born with the original sin that Adam and Eve had committed

32
Q

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

A

1658
“Edict of Fontainebleau”
Closed all protestant worship places is France
Any protestants who didn’t convert to Catholicism were either exiled or put into servitude.
France becomes the face of religious porecution

33
Q

Finance Minister of Louis XIV

A

John Law
Duke of Orléans
Both big gamblers and big risk takers

34
Q

Wars fought during Louis XIV’s reign

A

War of Devolution 1667-1668
Franco-Dutch war 1672-1679
Nine Years’ War 1689-1697
War of Spanish succession *1701-1714

35
Q

War of Spanish Succession

A

Louis XIV’s grandson, Philip V, got ruling power over Spain after Charles II died. Louis thinks Spain and France should unite.
Treaty of Rastatt in 1714 ends war

36
Q

Treaty of Urecht

A

1713
Part of the War of Spanish Succession
England gets Gibraltar and still has it today

37
Q

France after Louis XIV

A

Louis XIV outlived children and grandchildren
Great-grandson Louis XV succeed him
Duke of Orléans became reagant

38
Q

Economic Beliefs of John Law

A

Wanted to print paper money

Starts Royal Bank

39
Q

Mississippi Bubble

A

John Law convinces people to invest in the Mississippi Company. He has them trade in gold for stocks. Smart inventors quickly turn their stocks around for paper money. They then try to trade it in for gold, but there isn’t enough gold in the bank to exchange the paper money.

40
Q

17th Central and Eastern Europe

A

Economy was less advanced than Western Europe
More large estates worked by surfs
Little or no overseas territories
Weak political authorities

41
Q

Dynasties of Central and Eastern Europe

A

Hapsburg - Austria
Hohenzollern - Prussia
Romanov - Russia

42
Q

17th Century Poland

A

No strong central authority
Polish monarchy was elective
Sejm: Central legislative body. Any member could dissolve it at will through the Liberum Veto

43
Q

Pragmatic Sanction

A

*1713

Was to ensure Charles VI’s daughter would gain power after him so the Hapsburg dynasty to still hold power

44
Q

Aftermath of the reign of Ivan IV of Russia

A

Streltsy Uprising in 1689

45
Q

Great Northern War

A

*1700-1721
Russia wanted to control Baltic and have a warm-water port
Peace of Nystad ended war and Russia got Estonia

46
Q

St. Petersburg

A

Modeled after Versailles

Became Russia’s capitol

47
Q

Reforms of Peter the Great

A

Administrative colleges: Oversay military, economy, foreign affairs, etc.
Table of Ranks: No more hereditary nobility. Your noble status was based on how much you contributed to society
Holy Synod: Replaced the head patriarch of the Russian Orthodox church

48
Q

Legacy of Peter the Great

A 
Copied anything Louis XIV did
wanted to westernize Russia
Made St. Petersburg the capitol
Annexed Estonia
Killed his son Alexei for conspiring against him
49
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

“The process which established a new view of the universe.”

50
Q

Different views of the Universe

A

Ptolemaic: Geocentrism, Earth is in center of Universe
Copernican: Helicentrism, Sun is in the center
Tychonic: Earth was in the center, the sun revolved around the earth, and all of the planets revolved around the sun.

51
Q

Traditional view of universe before Scientific revolution

A

Earth was static

Epicycles and Deferents “explained” backward movement of the planets

52
Q

Copernican System

A

Planetary system almost the same as what we know it as today.

53
Q

Nocolaus Copernicus

A

Heliocentrism

One the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 1543

54
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

Recorded a lot of astronomical data

Tychonic view of universe

55
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Ellipticals

The New Astronomy 1609

56
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Gravity causes the planetary revolutions
Laws of motion
Pricipia Mathmatica 1687

57
Q

Mechanism

A

Explaining things through mechanical metaphors

God built the universe like a clockmaker would build a clock. God then “wound up” the universe and “let go”

58
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Father of Empiricism
Inductive Reasoning: Going from specific to general
Novum Organum: “The New Organ” ie the brain
Men of Experiments and Dogma

59
Q

Cartesian Dualism

A

Everything divided into two parts:
Material things
Thinking things

60
Q

Descartes

A

Inductive Reasoning: General to specific
“I think, therefore I Am”
Didn’t believe that everything had already been discovered

61
Q

Tabula Rasa

A

“Blank Slate”
Opposite of Original Sin
Behaviorism

62
Q

Role of women in the Scientific Revolution

A

Partners to husbands or fathers

Influence on men

63
Q

Maria Winkelmann

A

Discovered a comet

Tried to continue her husband’s work after he died, but the college wouldn’t allow her to, since she was a woman

64
Q

Trial of Galileo

A

1633
Inquisition of Galileo
Galileo put under house arrest
He recanted his work

65
Q

Blaise Pascal

A

“Pascal’s Wager”: Be good in this life just in case God exists
Sided with Jansenists. He thought most Catholics and Jesuits took sin too lightly
“Pensées”: Two truths exist over all others: 1. There is a living God 2. Mankind is unworthy of that God
Opposed to Atheists and Deists

66
Q

Physico-theology

A

Two books exist: The Bible and Nature. Both are written by the same author and don’t conflict with each other
Studying nature can help you to understand God

67
Q

Causes of Witch Hunts

A 
From *1400s-1700s
The Plague
Protestant Reformation
Religious Wars
Superstition
68
Q

Results of Witch Hunts

A

70-100 thousand executed

Gets out of control

69
Q

Targets of Witch Hunts

A

Usually women over the age of 40
80% were women
“Cunning Folk”: Healers and herbalists for using “supernatural” techniques

70
Q

Reasons for the end of Witch Hunts

A

They got out of control

The Scientific revolution rationalized thought and people realized how ridiculous it all was

71
Q

Rulers of Russia

A

1640-1688 Frederick William “The Great Elector”: Forged together many eastern Prussian lands
1688-1713 Frederick I of Prussia: Founded Halle University
1713-1740 Frederick William I: Built up Prussian army from 39k to 80k
1740-1786 Frederick II “The Great”: Invaded Silesia

72
Q

Boyars

A

Peter the Great made them all shave their beards or pay a beard tax
They feared Peter the Great after he suppressed the Streltsy from the Streltsy uprising

73
Q

Galileo

A 
Universe of Mathematical laws
"New Astronomy", "Starry Messenger", and "Letters on Sunspots"
Improved the telescope
Discovered that Jupiter had moons
Solar Flares
74
Q

17th Century Scientists

A

Johannes Kepler: Ellipticals
Galileo Galilei: Telescope, solar flares, Jupiter moons
Isaac Newton: Gravity causing orbits. Empiricism

75
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A 
"Leviathan"
Supported absolute monarchy
Men are brutally selfish
Tyranny is better than anarchy
Don't do unto others as you wouldn't have done unto you
76
Q

John Locke

A

“Two Treatises of Government”, “Letter concerning Toleration”, and “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”
Natural rights: Life, Liberty, Property, Rise to Rebellion
Role of government is to maintain order
Tabula Rasa

77
Q

Movements of 18th century influenced by new science

A

The Enlightenment

AP Euro (5 decks)

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