Unit 3-Chemistry in Society

Question 1

What are the main properties of metals

Answer 1

Metals are malleable, they conduct electricity and they have a high melting point

Question 2

What does oil rig stand for?

Answer 2

Oxidation is loss and reduction is gain

Question 3

Describe metallic bonding

Answer 3

The atoms are held together by an electrostatic attraction between the positive nucleus and the delocalised electrons

Question 4

What are rare earth metals used for?

Answer 4

Computers, laptops, mobiles, tablets and GPS

Question 5

Name two rare earth metals

Answer 5

Neodymium and dysprosium

Question 6

How do you break down metal ores which are below copper on the reactivity series?

Answer 6

You can break them down by heating them up

Question 7

How do you break down the metal ores which are situated above mercury but below aluminium in the reactivity series?

Answer 7

By mixing them with carbon and then reacting them with oxygen

Question 8

How do you break down the metal ores which are situated above zinc in the reactivity series?

Answer 8

By electrolysis

Question 9

What is redox reaction

Answer 9

Redox reaction occurs when electrons are lost by one substance during oxidation and are gained by another substance during reduction

Question 10

How can you predict the voltage output when two metals are connected together using an electrolyte?

Answer 10

By their position on the electrochemical series, the larger the gap, the larger the voltage output

Question 11

In an electrochemical cell, what is used to connect the two solutions?

Answer 11

An iron bridge/salt bridge

Question 12

In an electrochemical cell, what direction does the electrons flow?

Answer 12

The electrons flow from the metal electrode which is higher up in the electrochemical series to the metal electrode lower down in the electrochemical series. If both electrodes are the same element then the metal in the solution indicates the electron flow.

Question 13

What is the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting plastics?

Answer 13

Thermosoftening plastics soften when heat is applied

Question 14

What is the definition of a non-biodegradable plastic

Answer 14

It doesn’t naturally break down

Question 15

What happens when you burn a plastic?

Answer 15

Carbon monoxide is given off

Question 16

What happens when you burn poly vinyl chlorine?

Answer 16

Hydrogen chloride is given off

Question 17

What happens when you burn polyurethane?

Answer 17

Hydrogen cyanide is given off

Question 18

Name two plastics and their uses

Answer 18

Kevlar-body armour

Poly(ethanol)- used in PVA glue

Question 19

What are the two types of polymerisation?

Answer 19

Addition and condensation polymerisation

Question 20

What is the polymer name of ethene?

Answer 20

Poly(ethene)

Question 21

How do you identify if a polymer has been created through condensation or addition polymerisation?

Answer 21

If it’s a condensation polymer it will have oxygen in its main carbon chain

Question 22

What is the repeating unit?

Answer 22

The part of a polymer which is repeated

Question 23

What are monomers?

Answer 23

Monomers are small molecules which join together to form the polymer and normally are unsaturated

Question 24

Name two natural polymers

Answer 24

Rubber and silk

Question 25

What is a polyester?

Answer 25

A plastic formed by a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Question 26

What gets produced in condensation polymerisation?

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

Where does the H20 come from in condensation polymerisation?

Answer 27

The OH comes from the alcohol and the O comes from the carboxylic acid

Question 28

What two compounds are traditionally used when creating a polyester?

Answer 28

Diols and dicarboxylic acids

Question 29

What is a novel material?

Answer 29

A material that doesn't resemble anything that has previously been made

Question 30

What is corrosion?

Answer 30

Corrosion is a chemical reaction which occurs on the surface of a metal

Question 31

What happens during corrosion?

Answer 31

The metal element is reacting to form a metal compound

Question 32

Rusting can only occur to which metal?

Answer 32

Iron

Question 33

What conditions are needed for iron to rust?

Answer 33

Water and oxygen need to be present

Question 34

What is used to test for rust?

Answer 34

Ferroxyl indicator, the yellow liquid will turn blue

Question 35

What are smart materials?

Answer 35

Smart materials are compounds which can be changed through external stimuli

Question 36

What is an alloy?

Answer 36

An alloy is a MIXTURE of metals which haven't reacted together

Question 37

What is brass made out of?

Answer 37

Copper and zinc

Question 38

What is stainless steel made out of?

Answer 38

Iron and carbon

Question 39

Why do we need fertilisers?

Answer 39

To replenish the soil with nutrients that the plants use to grow, which we can eventually feed on

Question 40

What are the three main elements in fertilisers?

Answer 40

Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus

Question 41

Why is NPK in an ionic compound?

Answer 41

Because it needs to dissolve in water for the plants to absorb it

Question 42

What can fertilisers cause by irresponsible usage?

Answer 42

Eutrophication and algal blooms

Question 43

Describe the Haber process

Answer 43

Nitrogen and hydrogen are reacted and put in a compressor, the solution then moves into a catalyst chamber and then to a condenser. The ammonia is extracted and the recycled reactants are then put back into the catalyst chamber to reduce waste.