Unit 3 Comfort

Question 1

Definition of Comfort

Answer 1

Relief of pain.

Question 2

Definition of Pain

Answer 2

“An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.”

Question 3

Nociceptors

Answer 3

Results from an external stimuli on an uninjured, fully functional nervous system. Temporary pain unless underlying cause is not treated.

Question 4

Gate Control Theory

Answer 4

Stimulation of small (pain) fibers causes gates to open, stimulation of large (heat, cold, mechanical) fibers causes gates to close.

Question 5

Somatic Pain

Answer 5

Originates from nociceptors located in skin & musculoskeletal tissues, localized, described as sharp

Question 6

Visceral Pain

Answer 6

Originates form internal body organs & linings of body cavities, described as dull, deep, aching

Question 7

Referred Pain

Answer 7

Sensed in a region other than the site of origin

Question 8

Phantom Pain

Answer 8

pain felt in an amputated limb or body part, recurring, described as shooting, stabbing, squeezing, throbbing, or burning.

Question 9

Biological Pain Stimuli

Answer 9

Bacteria, viruses

Question 10

Mechanical Pain Stimuli

Answer 10

Shearing forces, fractures

Question 11

Thermal Pain Stimuli

Answer 11

Extreme heat (burn) & extreme cold (frostbite)

Question 12

Electrical Pain Stimuli

Answer 12

Electrical burn, electrical shock

Question 13

Chemical Pain Stimuli

Answer 13

Cleaning solutions, tobacco smoke, acids/bases, radiation

Question 14

Nociceptive Pain

Answer 14

results from external stimuli on an uninjured, fully functional nervous system. Temporary pain unless underlying cause not treated

Question 15

Neurotic Pain

Answer 15

caused by nerve malfunction or injuries resulting from trauma, disease, chemicals, infections, & tumors. Consequent spontaneous pain may be due to damage of either peripheral or central nerves.

Question 16

COLDSPA

Answer 16

Character
Onset
Location
Duration
Severity
Pattern
Associated factors

Question 17

Numeric

Answer 17

0-10 pain scale: 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as it can be

Question 18

FLACC

Answer 18

For infants: faces, legs, activity, cry, consolability

Question 19

FACES

Answer 19

For children: relate pain to faces (see next slide)

Question 20

PAINAD

Answer 20

Dementia: breathing, vocalization, facial expression, body language, consolability

Question 21

NANDA Approved Pain Related Diagnosis

Answer 21

Acute Pain

Chronic Pain

Question 22

Nursing Diagnoses Related to Acute Pain

Answer 22

Disturbed Sleep, Pattern, Risk for Infection, Impaired Skin Integrity

Question 23

Nursing Diagnoses Related to Chronic Pain

Answer 23

Insomnia, Hopelessness, Imbalanced, Nutrition Less/More Than Body Requirements, Social Isolation, Self-Care Deficit

Question 24

Nursing Diagnoses for Clients with prescribed opioids

Answer 24

Risk for Constipation
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Fear
Nausea

Question 25

Rest

Answer 25

a condition in which the body is in a ↓ state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed.

Question 26

Sleep

Answer 26

a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity

Question 27

Stages of Sleep: NREM Sleep

Answer 27

* Stage I: very light sleep, lasts just a few minutes, 5% * Stage II: can be roused with relative ease, 50-55% * Stage III: deeper sleep, arousal difficult, 10% * Stage IV: greatest depth of sleep, very difficult to arouse, 10%

Question 28

Insomnia

Answer 28

difficulty falling or remaining asleep, intermittent sleep, early awakening, most common

Question 29

Narcolepsy

Answer 29

uncontrollable desire to sleep

Question 30

Sleep Apnea

Answer 30

sleep-disordered breathing, episodes of breathing cessation (10-20 seconds) during sleep

Question 31

Restless Leg Syndrome

Answer 31

cannot lie still; creeping, crawling or tingling sensations in the legs

Question 32

Sleep Deprivation

Answer 32

Sleep deprivation: decrease in the amount, consistency, or quality of sleep, Symptoms: irritability & impaired mental abilities

Question 33

Somnambulism

Answer 33

Sleepwalking

Question 34

Enuresis

Answer 34

Urinating during sleep or bedwetting

Question 35

Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in US in 2011

Answer 35

* Heart disease * Malignant neoplasms * Chronic lower respiratory disease * Cerebrovascular diseases * Accidents (unintended injuries) * Alzheimer disease * Diabetes mellitus * Influenza & pneumonia * Kidney disease * Intentional self-harm (suicide)

Question 36

Kubler-Ross: 5 Stages of Death

Answer 36

1. Denial: "They made a mistake in the diagnosis." 2. Anger: "Why me? Why did this happen to me?" 3. Bargaining: "If I can just see my grandchild born." 4. Depression: "I can't bear the thought of not seeing my daughter get married." 5. Acceptance: "Now I can go in peace knowing everything is fine."