Unit 3: Concept 3 - Energy Flow through Ecosystems Flashcards
(22 cards)
all energy comes from ____
sun
what are the ways of getting energy?
producers and consumers
what are producers?
energy from nonliving sources (plants, bacteria, algae)
what are producers also called?
autotrophs
what are consumers?
get energy from living/once living organisms (animals, most bacteria, fungi)
how do producers get their energy?
photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
what is photosynthesis?
sunlight,
plants and cyanobacteria,
6CO2 + 6H20 yields
C6H12O6 + 6O2
what is chemosynthesis?
chemicals (sulfur & methane),
deep sea vent bacteria,
6Co2 + 18H2S + 3O2 yields
C6H12O6 + 12H2O + 18S
how do consumers get their energy?
eat other organisms,
breaks down the macromolecule inside to release ATP
(cellular respiration)
what are 4 types of consumers?
herbivore,
carnivore,
omnivore,
detritivore
what do the 4 types of consumers mean (definition)?
herbivore: vegetation,
carnivore: meat,
omnivore: meat and vegetation,
detritivore: dead (decomposers)
what are food chains?
trace a single flow of energy and show trophic levels
what are trophic levels?
levels of nourishment in a food chain
what is the rule of 10?
as energy flows from organism to organism, it is used for metabolism and/or converted to heat
what percent does the next organism in the chain receive?
10%
where is 90% of energy from food chains go?
used/lost for heat
what are the trophic levels?
producer (grass),
primary consumer (grasshopper),
secondary consumers (mouse),
teriary consumers (owl)
what are food webs?
shows multiple food chains at once and how they reconnect
what are trophic pyramids?
models thsat show how energy flows through an ecosystem
what is an energy pyramid?
represents the energy avaliable at each trophic level (rule of 10)
what is a numbers pyramid?
represents the number of organisms at each trophic level
what is a biomass pyramid?
represents the total mass of living organic matter at each trophic level
