Unit 3 Digestion And Absorbtion Flashcards
(17 cards)
Why and what is digestion?
The hydrolysis of large insoluble molecules to smaller soluble molecules that can be absorbed across cell membranes. Allows food molecules to be broken down so they can be absorbed into the blood via the lumen of the small intestine.
Where is salivary amylase produced and what does it do?
Salivary amylase is produced in the salivary glands and secreted into the mouth, it hydrolysis starch to maltose
What is pancreatic amylase why is it needed and where is it produced?
An enzyme that hydrolysis starch to maltose, it is produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine. It is needed as salivary amylase is denatured in the stomach.
Where are disaccharidases produced and what is their purpose?
They are produced and attached to the epithelial cells of the small intestines ileum, they hydrolyse disaccharides to their individual monomers
What disaccharidase enzymes are used for maltose, sucrose and lactose?
Maltase, lactase and sucrase
What do lipase enzymes hydrolyse and into what?
Lipase hydrolyses ester bonds in triglycerides into a monoglyceride molecule and 2 fatty acids
Where are lipase enzymes produced and where do they work?
Made in the pancreas and act in the ileum of the small intestine
Where are bile salts produced and what do they do?
Produced by the liver, they emulsify lipids into smaller droplets, increasing surface area
Why are bile salts useful?
They provide a larger surface area with a faster rate of hydrolysis
What are micelles?
Structures formed when monoglycerides and fatty acids (products of lipid digestion) stick to bile salts
What is the purpose of micelles?
Transport products of lipid digestion to epithelial cell membrane for absorption.
What are endopeptidases?
Enzymes that hydrolyse the peptide bonds in the middle of polypeptide chains to produce shorter polypeptides. Provide more ends for exopeptodase.
What are exopeptodases?
Enzymes that hydrolyse the peptide bonds on the ends of a polypeptide chain to release single amino acids.
What are dipeptidases?
Enzymes that hydrolyse the peptide bond between the two amino acids in a dipeptide, releasing two single amino acids.
Where are endopeptidases made and where do they act?
In the stomach
Where are lipase and exopeptidases made and where do they act?
They are made on the pancreas and act in the small intestine
Where are dipeptidases and disaccharidases produced and where do they work?
Produced in the epithelial cells in the S. Intestine, they are embedded in this membrane to work
