Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Philosophy > Unit 3: Epistemology > Flashcards

Unit 3: Epistemology Flashcards

1
Q

Epistemology

A

the rational study of knowledge what is knowledge?

  • How do we get knowledge
  • Justified true belief
  • has to be a difference between I believe and I know
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Knowledge

A
  • It needs to be true
  • We must believe a proposition
  • Need to have supporting evidence for the belief
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Authority

A

-the power or right to give orders, make decisions and enforce obedience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Certainty

A

-A fact that is definitely true or a event that is going to take place without doubt of any kind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ontology

A

The study of the belief regarding reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Realism

A
  • A type of Ontology
  • 1 truth exists
  • The truth never changes
  • Truth can be discovered using objective measurements
  • Once you find out what the truth is you can generalize it to other situations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Relativism

A
  • Multiple versions of reality
  • Truth is shaped by the context
  • If it is context-bound, it can not be generalized
  • Truth evolves and changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epistemology

A
  • The relationship the researcher has with the research

- How do we get knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Practical Knowledge

A

-unconscious knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Propositional

A
  • What does it mean to know

- knowledge of fact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Doubt

A

-If there is any doubt about the knowledge claim, then the knowledge becomes uncertain and cannot be claimed to be true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trusted authority

A

Information that comes from expert teacher or parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Truth: Objective

A

A process that allows people to work together and share knowledge, as long as the process is followed.

The best objective method and discovering truth is the scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Truth: Subjective

A

is a personal process therefore it is a personal truth.

There is no method, mechanism or process by which one can project their own subjective knowledge on someone else.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Belief

A

Knowledge requires that someone believes a true proposition. it is contradictory to claim that you know something but do not believe it is true.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Justification: evidentialism

A

The evidence is enough to justify a belief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reliable

A

-justification is not necessary for knowledge provided that it is a reliable produce true belief

or Justification is required by any reliable cognitive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infallible

A

Hold that a belief must not only be true or justified but the justification of the belief must necessary to prove that it is true

Must therefor be infalliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Externalism

A

Justification involves factors external to the person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Internalism

A

Everything necessary to provide justification is available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

priori

A

Things we know independent of expiernceing them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Posteriori

A

the knowledge that requires some experience to know it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Descartes

A

I think therefore I am

A rational method is required to have knowledge

24
Q

Methodological Scepticism

A

Descartes’ method: reductionism & doubt - it is possible to doubt all the evidence of our senses except the proposition that “I live” -after all the act of doubt and wonder means you live.

25
Q

Galileo

A
  • not a smooth moon

- Telescope reveals information that was controvercial for the time

26
Q

Ontological Agrument

A

God is proof of existence.

Eg. The existence of the bible is proof of God because God dictated the bible. (Circular reasoning)

27
Q

Cosmological Argument

A

There is a first mover and cause that proves God’s existence.

Eg. The big bang might explain the beginning of the universe but God made the big bang happen.

28
Q

Positiveism

A

Positivism is the view that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method

29
Q

Popper

A

The view that all science is based on the process of sensory observation, generalization, and repeated confirmation.

This process is often used to establish scientific laws, and simplicity is one criterion for choosing among competing generalizations

FALSIFICATON: disproving scientfic studies

30
Q

Popper

A

The view that all science is based on the process of sensory observation, generalization, and repeated confirmation.

This process is often used to establish scientific laws, and simplicity is one criterion for choosing among competing generalizations

FALSIFICATON:

31
Q

Kuhn

A

Kuhn argued that scientific theories are those that are widely accepted by a community of scientists. (Peer reviewed concept)
They are the basis of paradigms that guide research but that are abandoned in a scientific revolution, when too many anomalies appear that cannot be accounted for by the paradigm (Paradigm shift)
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

32
Q

FALSIFICATON:

A

disproving scienfiic studies

In other words, you’re not proving something new, you’re disproving what you know.

33
Q

Feryerbend

A

The consistency condition which demands that new hypotheses agree with accepted theories is unreasonable because it preserves the older theory, and not the better theory.

34
Q

Brain in a vat

A

we are in a computer sim

35
Q

Rationalism

A

Rationalists claim that there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience.

36
Q

Empiricalism

A

Empiricists claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge

37
Q

Deductive reasonings

A

process of elimination

38
Q

Cartisain Dualism

A

-The immaterial mind and the material body, while being ontologically distinct substances , Casual interact.
A theory or system of thought that regards a domain of reality in terms of two independent principles especially mind and matter

39
Q

Appearnce Vs. REali

A

AP: is based on

40
Q

Knowledge: Dialectic method

A

is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

41
Q

True knowledge Vs Opinion

A

true knowledge can only pertain to eternal, unchanging truths.

Opinion is the highest form of certainty that we can hope for in regards to a belief

42
Q

Knowledge reasoning method

A

Deductive, Inductive and Abductive Reasoning. The reasoning is the process of using existing knowledge to draw conclusions, make predictions, or construct explanations.

43
Q

Knowledge inate

A

the theory that the mind is born with ideas/knowledge, and that therefore the mind is not a “blank slate” at birth

44
Q

Plato’s form ideaolofy

A

Since everything in the world is constantly changing, nothing is real but there exsist another realm like heaven where everything is perfect which are called forms. we try to recreate forms in our world but always fall short.

45
Q

Sophists vs. Plato

A

Sophists were travelling teachers that reached Athens in 5 BCE and weren’t lovers of truth and spread lies but were close to philosophers so Plato didn’t like them

46
Q

Tripartite theory of knowledge

A

It needs to be true

  • True
  • Belive
  • Justify
47
Q

Empirical verifiable

A

evidence that can be proven to be true by testing

48
Q

Rationally sound

A

we can use reasoning to prove it

49
Q

Justified true belief

A

Regardless of the type of verification, the proposition must meet the criteria of the Tripartite Theory of Knowledge (TTK) if it is to be counted as justified true belief. Propositions can be proved false using the types of verification showing that they do not meet the criteria of the TTK.

50
Q

Justified true belief

A

Regardless of the type of verification, the proposition must meet the criteria of the Tripartite Theory of Knowledge (TTK) if it is to be counted as justified true belief. Propositions can be proved false using the types of verification showing that they do not meet the criteria of the TTK.

51
Q

Epestemic sceptasism

A

the fact that we can never truly know anything

52
Q

Epestemic sceptasism

A

the fact that we can never truly know anything

53
Q

Chuang TZE

A

the idea that when we dream we are unaware, so identity is not in question; upon awakening our identity becomes uncertain, which puts our entire state into question.

54
Q

Foundationalism vs. Coherentism

A

foundationalism: Beliefs are ultimately justified by irrefutable, foundational beliefs (e.g. of foundationalism: if you drink poison hemlock, you will die)

Coherentism: A belief can be called knowledge when it fits together with rest of your beliefs. Justification is not a linear process but rather a collection of criteria that come together to justify a system of beliefs
Web of belief -always possible to revise

55
Q

Pragmatism

A

dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.

Philosophy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions