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AC - Gross 2 > Unit 3 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 3 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What occurs into the potential space between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia of the abdomen?

A

Extravasaion of urine

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2
Q

Can extravasation of urine spread inferiorly into the thigh?

A

NO, due to the firm adhesion of scarpa’s fascia and the fascia lata

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3
Q

What innervates the external oblique muscle?

A

Anterior primary rami of the Lower 6 thoracic nerves

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4
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscles?

A

Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament

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5
Q

Transverus abdominis muscle

A

“Acts as an internal backbone”
Or: lower 6 costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral third of inguinal ligament
In: into línea alba by aponeurosis
Nerve: anterior primary rami of Lower 6 thoracic and first lumbar nerves

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6
Q

Function of the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

Compresses the abdomen, supports abdominal viscera, anterior flexor of the trunk

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7
Q

Anterior layer of the rectus sheath?

A

Composed of the aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique muscles

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8
Q

Median umbilical fold?

A

Extends form the APEX of the bladder and contains the obliterated umbilical artery

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9
Q

Ligamentum Teres?

A

Lies above the umbilicus and contains the obliterated umbilical vein. Free edge of the falciforme ligament, which is attached to the liver

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10
Q

Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Superior epigastric A (from internal thoracic A)
  2. Inferior epigastric A (from external iliac A)
  3. Lumbar A (from Abdominal aorta)
  4. Deep Circumflex iliac A (from external Iliac A)
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11
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Formed by the lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis

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12
Q

Conjoint tendon (Inguinal Falx)?

A

Formed by the fusion of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique and trans versus abdominis muscles as they insert into the pubic crest and pecten.

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13
Q

Boundaries of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior wall - aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
Posterior wall - conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia
Roof - internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
Floor - inguinal and lacunar ligaments

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14
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

Passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, through the inguinal triangle

25% of inguinal hernias

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15
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias

A

Passes through the deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial ring

75% of inguinal hernias

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16
Q

Ductus deferens

A

The muscular duct that transports sperm from the epidiymis to the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

Ilioinguinal Nerve

A

Runs through the inguinal canal and superficial ring accompanying the spermatic cord BUT IS NOT PART OF IT

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18
Q

Layer of the anterior abdominal wall that is continues with the cremasteric fascia and cremaster muscle?

A

Internal oblique muscle

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19
Q

Layer of the scrotum that is continuous with the internal oblique muscle?

A

Cremasteric fascia and cremaster muscle

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20
Q

Two muscles that function in temperature regulation in the scrotum?

A

Dartos (smooth muscle)

Cremaster (skeletal muscle)

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21
Q

Cryptochidism

A

Testes are undescended at birth
3% of full term babies
30% of premies

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22
Q

Ascites (FIB)

A

The accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Causes
Malnutrition
CHF
Liver failure
Kidney failure
Peritonitis
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23
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Very sensitive to pain

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24
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Insensitive to pain

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25
Omental bursa
Irregular shaped space which lies POSTERIOR to the liver, lesser momentum, and stomach
26
Right paracolic gutter
Longitudinal depression lateral to the ASCENDING colon | R-A
27
Left paracolic gutter
Longitudinal depression lateral tot he DESCENDING colon (L-D)
28
What structures pass through the porta hepatis?
Bile duct Hepatic Artery Portal Vein
29
Blood supply for the midgut
Superior mesenteric A
30
Blood supply for the foregut
Celiac trunk
31
Blood supply for the hind gut?
Inferior mesenteric Artery
32
Sympathetic innervation of the Foregut?
Greater splenetic nerves (T5-T9) and Lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T11)
33
Sympathetic innervation of the midgut?
Greater splanchnic nerves (T5-T9) and lesser splanchnic (T10-T11)
34
Sympathetic innervation of the hindgut?
Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)
35
Parasympathetic innervation of the foregut?
Vagus N.
36
Parasympathetic innervation of the midgut?
Vagus
37
Parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
38
What makes up the Enteric Nervous System?
Submucosal plexus & myenteric Plexus
39
Submucosal plexus?
Supply muscularis mucosal and mucus secreting glands
40
Myenteric plexus
Supply smooth muscle and stimulate peristalsis
41
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
A tumor like increase in the size of the pyloric sphincter which reduces the size of the pyloric canal... Require surgery
42
Pylorospasm
Spasmodic contraction of the pyloric sphincter. Subluxation of T5-T9
43
Gastric ulcer
A crater like depression in the mucosa of the stomach | -Secretes a alkaline mucus which is “Sticky”
44
What are the branches of the splenic artery?
Pancreatic branches Short gastric A. Left gastro-omental A
45
Other name for the ascending (4th) part of the duodenum?
Intraperitoneal
46
Blood supply tot he duodenum?
Superior pancreaticoduodenal A Supraduodenal A. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal A
47
Duodenal ulcer?
Erosion of the gastroduodenal A by a perforated duodenal ulcer can result in severe hemmoraging
48
Vas a Recta?
Straight terminal branches of the A. That travel through the mesentery to supple small intestines
49
Peyer’s patches?
Aggregation of lymphoid tissue found within the walls of the smal intestine
50
Color of the jejunum?
Dark red
51
Color of the ileum?
Pale pink
52
Ilegal (meckel’s) diverticulum?
Remnant portion of the embryonic Vitelli needs duct - finger like pouch that projects from the distal ileum * *mimics Appendicitis**
53
Crohn’s disease | FIB
Inflammatory bowel disease which most commonly affects the distal ileum and adjacent colon. **produces cobblestone radiographic appearance**
54
Cecum
Blind pouch below the ileso el al junction within the RIGHT iliac fossa
55
Ilegal fold
Two flaps which surround the ileal orifice | **prevents backflow of feces into the SI**
56
Most common position of the appendix
Retrocecal
57
Second most common position of the appendix?
Pelvic
58
Appendicitis?
- Inflammation of the appendix | - Symptoms are umbilical pain localized to the lower right quadrant
59
4 parts of the colon?
Ascending colon = ileocecal junction to right Colic (hepatic) flexure **retroperitoneal** Transverse colon = Right colic (hepatic) flexure to the Left colic (Spenic) flexure Descending colon = Left colic (splenic) flexure to the pelvic brim **retroperitoneal** Sigmoid colon = pelvic brim to the front of the sacrum **diverticulosis**
60
What two parts of the colon are in the retroperitoneal space?
Ascending and descending colon
61
Diverticulosis
Herniation of the mucosa of the colon through the muscular layer 40+
62
Ulcerative colitis
Severe inflammation and ulceration of the rectum and lower colon Appears on the radiograph
63
Irritable bowel syndrome
- Spastic Colon | - abnormal muscular contractions of the colon
64
Vasa recta (LI)
Straight terminal branches from the marginal A to the LI
65
Bowel infarction
Complete occlusion of the intestinal vessel by lipid plaque
66
What forms the inferior mesenteric plexu and hypogastric plexus?
Left 1/3 of the transverse colon to the upper part of the anal canal
67
Portal venous system
Drains the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas and gall bladder **NOT THE KIDNEY**
68
Tributaries of the Portal vein
SLIP-LSS ``` Short gastric V Left gastro -omental V Inferior mesenteric V Pancreatic veins Left colic V Sigmoid V Superior Rectal V ```
69
Cirrosis of the liver
Characterized by the destruction of hepatic cells and their replacement by fibrous tissue and fat
70
Portal hypertension
Abnormal elevation of pressure within the portal system often due to cirrosis of the liver -Blood backs up in tot he caval system
71
Caput medusa
Pronounce snake like veins radiating around umbilicus only present in severe cases
72
What are ALWAYS due to hypertension?
Caput medusa and Esophageal Varices
73
Quadrate lobe
Lies between the L and R lobes anterior to the porta hepatis | **supplied by the Left branches**
74
Blood supply to the liver?
75-80% portal vein | 20-25% hepatic A
75
What does the gallbladder do?
Stores bile and concentrates it by absorbing water. | -it contracts to expel the bile into the duodenum (initiated by CCK)
76
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (ampulla if Vater)
Formed by the union for he bile duct and the pancreatic duct
77
Gallstones
Hard masses formed by the solidification of bile constituents **MOST COMMON @ DISTAL END OF THE HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA**
78
Chiropractic note to Gallstones
30% of Patients have pain in the Right subscapular region of the back
79
Pancreatic duct
Drains the NECK BODY AND TAIL | Empties into the major duodenal papilla
80
Accessory pancreatic duct
Drains the HEAD AND UNCINATE PROCESS | ** allows pancreatic enzymes to enter the duodenum with gallstones present**
81
What are the 3 subdivisions of the visceral surface of the Spleen?
Gastric surface Colic surface Renal surface
82
Blood supply for the spleen?
Splenic A | Splenic Vein
83
What is derived from the transversalis fascia?
Internal spermatic fascia
84
What nerve causes hiccups?
Phrenic Nerve in peritonitis
85
What is the abdominal policeman? | And what are its 3 parts
Greater momentum 1. Gastrophrenic lig. 2. Gastrosplenic lig. 3. Gastrocolic lig.
86
Two parts of the Lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric lig. | Hepatoduodenal Lig.
87
Functions of the liver
Bile secretion Metabolism of proteins, fats & Carbs Storage of Glycogen, Vit, and iron Detoxification

AC - Gross 2 (2 decks)

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