unit 3 flash cards/stuff
(36 cards)
gRevolution
- A forcible overthrow
of a government or social order, in favor of a new system - EX Rebellion, Revolt, Insurrection, Mutiny, Uprising, Riot, Insurgence, Coup, Overthrow,
-Types of revolutions: Political
Social
Religious
Scientific/ Technological
-Could be violent or non-violent
-3 Criteria must be met
3 Criteria to make revolution
1- Upset with the Status Quo or see need for a change
2- present a plan
3- make the plan happen/put into action
Tragic necessity
-Something tragic occurred but was needed for a necessary change to the Status Quo
- Example american revolution
Renaissance
-French and means rebirth
-It was a social movement that began in Italy in the 1300’s and would spread to parts of Northern Europe like France, Germany, England, Spain and other countries in the 1400’s
-It would bring about significant change in art, literature, and education as much of Europe was changing politically
Humanism
-a cultural movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of the classical works for literature from the ancient world
-Medieval thinkers believed that spirituality and faith were more important to study than self-worth
-humanists believed that learning a variety of topics led to a better life on earth, rather than focusing solely on getting into heaven
Classical Scholarship
- the study, in all its aspects, of ancient Greece and Rome
- Ex Homer,He was greek and playdoe he was greek
Secularism
- A religion should not be the center of human affairs
- During the Renaissance period, people began to see that life could be an opportunity for enjoyment and pleasure
Individualism
- individual was more important than the larger community
-This allowed artists, architects, authors, and composers to move away from religious topics and instead allowed them to use their imagination and explore human potential
Christian humanism
- The northern European Renaissance was more focused Christian humanism
-It was more forced around religion
Leonardo da Vinci
-Leonardo da Vinci was one of the best renaissance to ever live
- also excelled in engineering, architecture, and music
Indulgence
- A document given by the pope that forgave a person from the consequences of the sins he or she committed
-Christians began to view this as a way for people to buy their way to heaven - It was also used for getting away from crimes because you can pay the Indulgence and still get accepted to heaven even though you killed someone
Inquisition
The most brutal was the Spanish Inquisition led by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, who you may remember were responsible for funding Christopher Columbus’ voyages to the New World
- Back then if you went against the church teachings you could be put against the inquisition, the church court -But If you were found guilty you could be excommunicated, tortured, or even killed
Martin Luther
- Martin Luther went against the church with the 95 theses
- Martin Luther decided to nail his list of complaints to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517
Catholic Reformation
-also referred to as the counter reformation. Sometimes this was done peacefully and sometimes it was done violently
-Catholic Church had to stop the spread of Protestantism so they made the Catholic Reformation
Protestant Reformation
-Those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church became known as Protestants
-If you were going against the church they would torture you or kill until you agree with them
95 Theses
- Martin Luther had nailed the 95 Theses to the church door
-He did this because he found 95 things that didn’t make sense to the church
Scientific Revolution
-Historians refer to the series of events that led to modern science the Scientific Revolution
-It occurred between 1540 and 1700 in Europe
-
1.Think about a problem or develop a purpose question
2.Research/ Observe/ Provide previous knowledge
3.Come up with a Hypothesis
4.Conduct the Experiment
5.Collect and Analyze the Data
6.Develop the Conclusion
7.Further questioning
Scientific Method
-two men by the names of Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes came up with a way to conduct orderly and reliable experiments
- Which is called Scientific Method
Ptolemy
- Ptolemy who wrote about astronomy and geography in ancient times
-He was the first person to come up with the theory that the earth was the center of the universe in the 100’s and for over one thousand years that is what people believed
-This theory was called the “geocentric theory
Nicolaus
-the beginning of the Scientific Revolution was sparked by a book published in 1543 by a Polish astronomer named Nicolaus Copernicus
-His book was called On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres and contradicted the ancient astronomer Ptolemy
Galileo Galilei
- He would prove the Copernicus
-an Italian scientist
-Galileo was one of the first people to study the sky with a telescope
-He was the first to see craters and mountains on the moon - He was known for routinely using experiments to test his theories
Sir Isaac Newton
-Sir Isaac Newton was the peak of the scientific revolution.
- When he had published his book Principia Mathematica in 1687
-Historians and scientists alike believe him to be one of the greatest scientists who ever live
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King Louis XVI
-1754-1793 squandered the
wealth of France and brought it to the brink of
bankruptcy
- On January 21, 1793 he got guillotine
- King Louis XVI wife Marie-Antoinette 1755-1793 who also got guillotine nine months later
Marie Antoinette
- She was the wife of King louis XVI
-She had gotten guillotine 9 months later from king louis XVI
-She was the queen of France
