Unit 3 From PPQs

Question 1

Statistically significant difference

Answer 1

Error bars do not overlap

Question 2

Negative correlation

Answer 2

One factor increases, the other decreases

Question 3

One factor increases, the other decreases

Answer 3

Negative correlation

Question 4

Positive correlation

Answer 4

One factor increases, the other does too

Question 5

One factor increases, the other does too

Answer 5

Positive correlation

Question 6

Scattergraph reliability

Answer 6

Not reliable if many points lie far from line of best fit

Question 7

Not reliable if many points lie far from line of best fit

Answer 7

Scattergraph reliability

Question 8

Advantages of in vivo

Answer 8

Allows possible side effects to be shown

Allows effect of the drug/treatment on whole organism to be shown

Question 9

Purpose of including a control

Answer 9

Comparison between drug and absense of drug

Gives baseline to measure the effect of the drug against

Question 10

Comparison between drug and absense of drug

Gives baseline to measure the effect of the drug against

Answer 10

Purpose of placebo

Question 11

Issue with patients administering drugs themselves in a drug trial

Answer 11

Decreases reliability as they may forget or not inject correctly

Question 12

Purpose of randomised block design

Answer 12

Control confounding variables

Question 13

Downside of randomised control groups

Answer 13

More time consuming

Question 14

Stratified sampling

Answer 14

Population divided into categories and sampled proportionally

Question 15

Population divided into categories and sampled proportionally

Answer 15

Stratified sampling

Question 16

Why don’t placebos work for animals

Answer 16

They have no expectation

Question 17

Reducing harm when using animals

Answer 17

Refinement - harm minimised

Reduction - minimum number of animals for validity

Question 18

Do you need controls for each treatment

Answer 18

Yes if there is a different number of participants in each group

Question 19

Review article

Answer 19

Compiles summarises of recent research in a particular field

Question 20

Compiles summarises of recent research in a particular field

Answer 20

Review articles

Question 21

Downside of observational studies

Answer 21

Cannot show causation

Question 22

Accurate

Answer 22

Data close to true value

Question 23

Data close to true value

Answer 23

Accurate

Question 24

Precise

Answer 24

Dats has little variation

Question 25

Data has little variation

Answer 25

Precise

Question 26

Reliable

Answer 26

Replicates have consistent values

Question 27

Replicates have consistent values

Answer 27

Reliable

Question 28

Valid

Answer 28

Controlling variables

Question 29

Controlling variables

Answer 29

Valid

Question 30

Systematic sampling

Answer 30

Members of a population are selected at regular intervals

Question 31

Members of a population are selected at regular intervals

Answer 31

Systematic sampling

Question 32

Ecological sampling

Answer 32

Splitting up area and choosing random spots with randomised number generator

Question 33

Splitting up area and choosing random spots with randomised number generator

Answer 33

Ecological sampling

Question 34

Random sampling

Answer 34

Members of population have equal chance of selection

Question 35

Members of population have equal chance of selection

Answer 35

Random sampling

Question 36

Confidence interval

Answer 36

Indicates variability of data around mean

Question 37

Indicates variability of data around mean

Answer 37

Confidence interval

Question 38

“Statistically significant difference”

Answer 38

Must say increase or decrease!

Question 39

Pilot study

Answer 39

Allows modifications of experimental design

Question 40

Allows modifications of experimental design

Answer 40

Pilot study

Question 41

Representative sample must have what

Answer 41

Same mean as population as a whole

Question 42

Purpose of double blind design

Answer 42

Prevent bias

Question 43

Confounding variable

Answer 43

Any variable besides the independent that may affect dependant variable

Question 44

Any variable besides the independent that may affect dependant variable

Answer 44

Confounding variable

Question 45

Experiment that is developing a technique within a larger investigation

Answer 45

Pilot study

Question 46

Ethical considerations when using humans

Answer 46

Informed consent Right to withdrawal data Confidentiality

Question 47

Causes of negative result

Answer 47

Experiment carried out wrong Hypothesis is wrong

Question 48

Negative result

Answer 48

Finding no effecr

Question 49

Positive control

Answer 49

Assesses the test validity Checks the system can detect a positive result

Question 50

Assesses the test validity Checks the system can detect a positive result

Answer 50

Positive conrrol

Question 51

Negative control

Answer 51

Checking false positives don’t occur An absence of treatment

Question 52

In vivo

Answer 52

Whole, living organism

Question 53

In vitro

Answer 53

Preforming procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism

Question 54

In vivo advantages and disadvantages

Answer 54

Provides data for effects in whole organism Expensive and time consuming Difficult to control variables

Question 55

In vitro advantages and disadvantages

Answer 55

Simpler and less expensive Interpretation of results is simpler Difficult to extend results to whole organism or different species Difficult to model complex interactions

Question 56

More variation in population requires what

Answer 56

Larger sample size

Question 57

Peer reviewed

Answer 57

Articles evaluated by experts in the field

Question 58

Articles evaluated by experts in the field

Answer 58

Peer reviewed

Question 59

Epidemiology

Answer 59

Study of outbreak and spread of diseases

Question 60

Study of outbreak and spread of diseases

Answer 60

Epidemiology