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Biology Gr 11 (Ontario) > Unit 3: Genetics > Flashcards

Unit 3: Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Alleles

A

Variations of genes

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2
Q

asexual reproduction

A
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3
Q

autosomes

A
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4
Q

carrier

A
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5
Q

cell cycle

A
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6
Q

centromere

A

centre part of chromosomes

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7
Q

chromatin

A

DNA wound around histone proteins.

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8
Q

chromosome

A

Wound up chromatin

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9
Q

cross over

A

A form of genetic recombination where genes cross over to homolougous chromosomes when in a tetrad.

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10
Q

deletion

A

A portion of a chromosome is lost. error at the chromosome level.

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11
Q

dihybrid

A

dihybrid crosses have multipe variable traits. Parental generation gives birth to filial generation. 3:1 F2 generation traits are mendellian ratio.

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12
Q

diploid

A
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13
Q

dominant

A
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14
Q

epigenetics

A

egg and sperm form various organs after fertilization

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15
Q

gametes

A
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16
Q

gene locus

A
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17
Q

genotype

A

A person’s genetic traits. Received from parents

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18
Q

genes

A

A group of three nitrous bases making up a part of a trait.

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19
Q

haploid

A
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20
Q

hereditary

A
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21
Q

heterozygous

A
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22
Q

histones

A
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23
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

Chromosomes with the same genes from your mom and dad

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24
Q

homozygous

A
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25
Q

incomplete dominance

A

A cross between two phenotypes creates a third phenotype, usually between the two dominant phenotypes. (both capitals: R=red R’=white RR’=pink)

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26
Q

insertion

A
27
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A
28
Q

inversion

A

gene segment is reinserted into its chromosome in reverse order. Error at chromosome level.

29
Q

Karyotype

A

A full set of an individual’s chromosomes

30
Q

law of independent assortment

A

The inheritance of Alleles for one trait does not affect the inheritance of alleles for another trait. (Mendel’s laws of heredity)

31
Q

law of segregation

A

Genes exist in two or more forms (alleles). We receive 1 allele from each parent randomly. The alleles of our parents separate during gamete formation and are randomly given to us (Mendel’s laws of heredity)

32
Q

meiosis

A
33
Q

mitosis

A
34
Q

monohybrid

A

Organism with homozygous genotypes

35
Q

mutation

A
36
Q

Nitrogenous Bases

A

Thymene, Adenine, Cytosene, Guanine

37
Q

non-disjunction

A

Chromosomes don’t separate during either DNA phase, causing one more or less chromosomes in a Karyotype. Error in Meiosis.

38
Q

nuclein

A

Compound that makes up DNA

39
Q

oogenesis

A

the creation of egg cells

40
Q

oogonium

A

diploid female germ cell

41
Q

Pentose Sugar

A
42
Q

Phenotype

A

An individual observable traits (both genotype and envionm)

43
Q

Phosphate Group

A
44
Q

polar bodies

A

infertile small egg cells, three for every oogonium.

45
Q

primary oocyte

A

large fertile egg cell

46
Q

probability

A
47
Q

Punnett square

A

Predicts outcome of a genetic cross. Dominant alleles code for a working protein while recessive genes do not. Shows probabilities of genetic (phenotypical and genotypical) presentations.

48
Q

purines

A
49
Q

pyrimidines

A
50
Q

recessive

A
51
Q

sex-influenced

A

Sex influenced traits appear differently in both sexes. e.g. xxbb = female slight-balding, xybb - male full balding, Bbxx - etc.

52
Q

sex-limited

A

Sex Limited traits are only expressed in one sex

53
Q

sex-linked

A

Thomas morgan studied fruit flies and determined some traits only exist on the X chromosome.

54
Q

sexual reproduction

A

Makes not genetically identical offspring
formed by z haploid gametes
meiosis forms gametes
four haploid cells are produced

55
Q

sister chromatid

A
56
Q

somatic cells

A
57
Q

spermatogenesis

A

the creation of identically sized sperm cells

58
Q

synapsis

A
59
Q

telomere

A
60
Q

test cross

A
61
Q

tetrad

A

A group of two double chromosomes during meiosis

62
Q

trait

A

distinguishing characteristicf a species or organism

63
Q

trisomy

A
64
Q

zygotes

A

Biology Gr 11 (Ontario) (6 decks)

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