Unit 3: Genetics - Content flashcards

Question 1

Finish the sentence

RNA polymerase bonds to the ____ site of DNA

Answer 1

non-coding

Question 2

Answer

What does RNA polymerase produce inside the DNA?

Answer 2

A complimentary mRNA strand

Question 3

Answer

How many bases make up a codon?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Answer

What do codons code for?

Answer 4

Amino acids

Question 5

Answer

How do genetics varients in the coding DNA affect the phenoytpe of an organism?

Answer 5

A phenotype is an expressed characteristic, and a genetic variation changes that

Question 6

Answer

What are the complimentary bases?

Answer 6

A+T, G+C

Question 7

Name defintion

What is the shape of DNA called?

Answer 7

Double Helix

Question 8

Answer

What 3 types of graphs can be used to show how parents alleles can affect their offsprings alleles?

Answer 8

Punnet Square, Genetic Diagram & Family Trees

Question 9

Name

Name 2 advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 9

Adv: A lot of variation, better adaptability
Disadv: Slow, need mate

Question 10

Name

Name 2 advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 10

Adv: fast, don’t need mate
Disadv: next to no variation, the species may only be suited to one habitat type

Question 11

Answer

How many divisions in meiosis, and how many cells are produced?

Answer 11

2, and 4 haploid cells are produced from 1 diploid cell

Question 12

Answer

What is meiosis for?

Answer 12

Making new gametes

Question 13

Name

How many chromosomes do haploid cells have

Answer 13

23

Question 14

Name

What type of structure is DNA?

Answer 14

Polymer (double helix ok too)

Question 15

List

List all the structures that make up DNA

Answer 15

Nucleotides (base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphorus), weak hydrogen bonds

Question 16

Name

What is a genome?

Answer 16

All the DNA of an organism

Question 17

Answer

How do you extract DNA from a strawberry?

Answer 17

1- Crushit up
2 - Mix with sat and add washing up liquid
3 - Heat at 60 degrees for 5 mins
4 - Filter the liquid and keep the filtered liquid
5 - Cool in an ice bath and poor chilled ethanol on the filtrate

Question 18

What did mendel do?

Answer 18

Discovered inheritance through peaplants

Question 19

Why can males only have one allele

Answer 19

They have XY chromosomes, and the Y is too small to carry an allele

Question 20

What does dominant mean (alleles)

Answer 20

An allele that will be expressed over another

Question 21

What is recessive (alleles)

Answer 21

An allele that is NOT expressed over the other, unless the other allele is also recessive

Question 22

What is a chromosome

Answer 22

A thin strand of DNA

Question 23

What is:
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous
Use a to represent rec. and A for dom.

Answer 23

(a) AA, (b) aa, (c) Aa/aA

Question 24

What is a phenotype

Answer 24

An expressed characteristic, like eye colour

Question 25

What is a zygote

Answer 25

A fertilised egg cell

Question 26

What is meiosis?

Answer 26

The division of diploid cells to form gametes (eggs for women, sperm for men)

Question 27

First, the cell ____ ____ of its ________, until it has double the amount of genetic info.

Answer 27

Makes copies

Question 28

The cell, with 92 chromosomes divides _ times, so each ____ has __ chromosomes

Answer 28

(a) 2, (b) haploid, (c) 23

Question 29

The cells that are produced by meiosis are called what?

Answer 29

Gametes

Question 30

# Finish the sentence Then, after gametes are produced, after sexual reproduction, join at the egg and have __ chromosomes

Answer 30

46

Question 31

How do flowering plants reproduce?

Answer 31

1. Pollen is carried by insects, animals or the wind from one flower to the other 2. Pollen reaches the new flower and travels to the ovary where it fertilises cells to make seeds 3. The seeds are scattered by animals or wind

Question 32

Name step 1 of protein synthesis

Answer 32

RNA polymerase unzips the 2 stands of DNA

Question 33

Name step 2 of protein synthesis

Answer 33

One strand of DNA is used as a template to make a complimentary mRNA strand (Uracil replaces Thymine as the complimentary base to Adenine)

Question 34

Name step 3 of protein synthesis

Answer 34

mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore

Question 35

Name step 4 of protein synthesis

Answer 35

mRNA attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 36

Name step 5 of protein synthesis

Answer 36

tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome

Question 37

Name step 6 of protein synthesis

Answer 37

Each tRNA has an anticodon that matches a codon on the mRNA

Question 38

Name step 7 of protein synthesis

Answer 38

Amino acids then join together in a specific order dependant on the amindo acids present into a polyeptide chain (aka protein)

Question 39

Name step 8 of protein synthesis (last step)

Answer 39

The protein folds into its final shape