Unit 3: Health Promo and Disease Prevention Planning Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
What are the two different types of acquiring NA data?
A
- Primary
2. Secondary
2
Q
What is primary data?
A
Data you collect yourself labeled “interactive contact methods”
3
Q
What are the advantages and disadvantages of primary data?
A
A: direct answers
D: time consuming, costly
4
Q
What is secondary data?
A
Data that has already been collected before labelled as “no contact method”
5
Q
What are the advantages and disadvantages of secondary data?
A
A: less time consuming, inexpensive
D: info may not be the true needs of a pop
6
Q
What are the 8 sources of primary data?
A
- Single Step/ Cross sectional survey
- Multistep
- Community Forum
- Meetings
- Focus Group
- Nominal Group
- Observation
- Self Assessment
7
Q
What is single step?
A
gathers primary data from individual or group with a single contact
8
Q
What is a self report?
A
very useful evaluation because you can obtain subjective experiences. Limitation is bias. Capacity and marketing data can be collected
9
Q
What are the 8 steps of increasing accuracy in self report?
A
- Measures need to reflect program outcome
- Anticipate the response
- Conduct a pilot study
- Correct sources of unreliability
- Employ quality control
- Multiple methods required
- Multiple Measures
- Use experimental and control groups
10
Q
What is a proxy?
A
indirect measure of collecting data where there is evidence that a behaviour has occurred
11
Q
What is an opinion leader?
A
individuals whom are well respected within a community and can represent views of the priority population
12
Q
Who are key informants?
A
strategically placed people who have the knowledge and ability to report on the needs to pp
13
Q
What are the 5 types of interviews?
A
- face-to-face
- phone
- written
- electronic
- group
14
Q
What is a multistep survey?
A
data is provided on more than a single occasion
15
Q
What is Delphi technique?
A
where a consensus is generated from a bunch of questionnaires in deductive
16
Q
What is a community forum?
A
when a town comes together to discuss problems and needs of a priority population
17
Q
What is donee through a meeting?
A
helps provide direction of individuals from a priority population, possible biases
18
Q
What is a focus group?
A
where people come together and discuss issues. the problem is is that it is not randomly selected
19
Q
What is a nominal group process?
A
few representatives of a priority population whom are asked to qualify and quantify specific needs. answer individually then discuss
20
Q
What is a observation?
A
it is a direct observation vs an indirect observation (proxy) observing the outcomes of behaviour by asking others.
the problem is that having someone there can alter the answers
21
Q
What is a windshield tour?
A
driving through a neighbourhood and observing the characteristics weekly
22
Q
What is a photo voice?
A
the priority pop gets camera to convey the community needs
23
Q
What steps are involved in the photo voice process?
A
- define goals
- identify community participants
- provide participants with purpose
- provide participants with training
- them
- let participants take pics
- select photo that reflects concerns
- meaningful dialogue
- write captions
- codify results
- identify the stakeholders
- present to community
- take action
24
Q
What is self assessment?
A
health assessments have been the most useful in NA b/c they group data
25
What are types of secondary data?
1. Data collected by gov (mandated laws)
2. Data collected by non gov and organization (healthcare, health agencies, business civic and commerce groups)
3. Data from existing records
4. Data fro literature
26
What are the 6 steps to conducting a need assessment?
1. determine the purpose and scope of needs
2. gather data
3. analyze data- use proceed-precede model
4. identify risk factors
5. Identify the program focus
6. validate the needs
27
What is categorical funding?
funding that is dedicated to helping a specific thing
28
What is the BPR (basic priority rating model)?
```
when you rate 4 different components and insert into a formula
[(A+B)*C/3] *D
a- size of problem (1-10)
b-seriousness of problem (1-20)
c-effectiveness of problem (1-10)
d- priority, economics (0-1)
```
29
What is identifying the risk factors linked in HP related to?
epidemiological assessment
30
What is identify the program focus parallel to?
educational and ecological assessment
| -> predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors
31
What is the final step "validating" doing?
"double-checking" that the identified need is an actual need
32
How can the validated need be again validated?
1. recheck steps
2. conduct a focus group
3. Get a second opinion
33
What is the health impact assessment? (HIA)
it is an approach that can help identify and consider the potential health impact of the proposal on a pop.. increase positive and decrease negative
34
HIA is based on what 4 values?
1. Democracy- allowing people to participate
2. Equity- distribute impacts
3. Sustained Development- short and long impacts
4. Ethical use of evidence- best qualitative and quantitative advice
35
What are some frameworks used to conduct a health impact assessment?
1. screening
2. scoping
3. assessing risk and benefits
4. developing recommendations
5. reporting
6. Evaluating
36
What are two types of needs?
1. service needs- problems and solutions deemed suitable by health professionals
2. service demands - things the pop thinks it needs --> by the people
37
What ate interventions?
otherwise known as "treatment" describe all the activities that occur between 2 measurement puts
38
What size dose and multiplicity leads to a more likely change?
greater
39
What are 5 types of intervention strategies?
1. Health communication
2. Health Education
3. Health policy
4. Health related community service
40
What is health communication and why is it beneficial?
the use of communication to help influence decisions that affect health
1. goes from simple to complex
2. reaches goals
3. reaches a lot of people
4. cost effective
41
What is the traditional communication model?
top down/ vertical process (sender relays a message through a channel to receivers)
42
What is the multidirectional model?
combo of "sender top down", consumer bottom up, consumer shared, and consumer seeking info
43
What are the 4 traditional communication channels?
1. Intrapersonal-> personalizing or targeting a specific person (health coaching)
2. Interpersonal-> reaches a lot of people with less resources
3. Organizational and community -> most health promo already has an existing group
4. Mass Media-> impacts people directly and indirectly
5. *Social Media-> user and consumer generated
44
What are types of literacy we have today?
1. documents-> document tasks
2. Prose-> reading, writing and comprehension
3. Numeracy-> quantitative tasks
45
What are the different kinds of numeracy?
1. Basic-> finding # and time of appt
2. Computational health-> basic math skills
3. Analytical-> percentages, statistical understanding
4. Statistical-> analyze quantitative health info
46
What grade level should people be able to read at?
Grade 6
47
What are the 10 general principle of learning?
1. Use several sense
2. Learner needs to be actively involved
3. Avoid distractions
4. motivated learner
5. relate context to learned
6. repetition
7. make it pleasant
8. start with known facts
9. use application of material
10. pace the rhythm of learning
48
How do adults differ when they learn?
1. need to know why they are learning
2. need to be motivated to solve problems
3. previous experience
4. learning must match their background
5. active involvement
49
What is horizontal organization
depth of material covered in a curriculum
50
What is a vertical organization?
order of how material is presented
51
What are health policies
a decision made by authoritative person, agency, or organized body
52
What are environmental change strategies
best in opportunities to help people develop health behaviours, about creating health enhancing environments
53
What are some barriers that can affect environmental change strategies?
economic, service, cultural, psychological, political environment
54
does environmental change strategies require priority population?
no
55
When is environmental strategies the most effective?
when it is combined with intervention strategies from other categories (ex. health policy + enviro strategy)
56
Health-related community service strategies
service, test, and treatments or care to improve the health of the priority population.
57
What is community mobilizing strategies?
involves helping communities take action on shared concerns using 2 subcategories:
1. community organization and community - community groups are helped to identify common problems
- > community building is strength based
2. community advocacy - people of community become involved in the institutions and decisions that will have impact
58
What are behaviour modification activities
systematic procedure for changing a behaviour that is social cognitive and stimulus response theory
59
What is organizational culture activities?
similar to environmental strategies, evaluating in order to determine whether they support or hinder the mission
60
What are incentives and disincentives?
incentive: reward to influence a performance
disincentive: negative consequences designed to influence a population
61
What are social activities?
easier to change a behaviour if the environment around them influences the change
62
What are the 3 types of social groups?
1. support group (ex. alcohol anonymous)
2. Social gathering (bringing people together for interaction not problem
3. social networks (looking for relationships that would be useful in helping people
63
What are the guidelines and criteria for developing?
1. address 1+ risk factors that are a threat
2. Reflect the special characteristics
3. What interventions will reduce risk?
4. implement the intervention
5. organize, plan and implement
64
What are 3 types of sources of guidance in selecting intervention strategies?
1. best practice - recommendations for an intervention
2. best experiences - prior interventions that have no been evaluated
3. best process - original interventions that planners create
65
What does REAIM stand for?
Reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, maintenance
66
What is a map of adaptation process?
a systematic evidence-based behavioural intervention
| -> compared OLD intervention with the developing intervention
67
What is the 5 step approach to determine how a program can better adapt?
1. Assess
2. Select-> old or new plan?
3. Prepare-> adapting the intervention
4. Pilot-> test and implement plan
5. Implement-> conduct the plan as a whole
68
What are High-risk strategies?
people who are seen to have high risk to develop a certain disease are targeted to receive the intervention
69
is high risk micro or macro?
micro
70
What are advantages of high risk strategies?
1. appropriateness of the intervention
2. motivation of both
3. financial sensibility
71
What are disadvantages of high risk strategies?
1. medicalization of prevention - become known for the illness
2. Challenges and costs (hard to attain ideal, later results)
3. Results are temporary (don't identify the root cause)
4. limited potential for individuals and the population
5. Behavioural insufficiencies
72
can high risk strategy prevent disease in large or small numbers ?
small # of highly susceptible people
73
What kind of strategy is most preferred for disease prevention?
population based strategy
74
What does population-based intervention strategy focus on
a large amount of people at small risk
75
Who does population based intervention target?
whole population
76
What does population-based attempt to do?
behaviour and practices of the population
77
What are the advantages of a population-based strategy?
1. radical - eradicate the root cause of a disease (ex. drinking and driving)
2. powerful- changing exposure risk (ex. pesticide)
3. behaviourally appropriate - works with social norms/ what is acceptable
78
What are limitation of population-based?
1.population scale benefits = great
individual basis = minimal
2. lack of motivation
3. the minimal benefit may outweigh the small risk
79
under what circumstances do you adopt a population-based intervention?
1. when the risk has expanded across the entire population
2. when only way to deliver an intervention to is through population
3. when you need to impact as many people as possible
80
what is as important as what we say to clients?
how we say it
81
the outcome of a client interaction is affected by
our behaviour
82
When planning a program what is the best thing to do?
include client in decision making so they feel like it is their own choice
83
What is Motivational Interviewing?
interviewer is more of a facilitator, it is best created for councillors for people with addictions
84
What 7 components make up the "spirit" of MI?
1. motivation from the client
2. clients need to resolve mixed feelings
3. do not use direct persuasion
4. counselling that is quiet
5. direct counsellor
6. interpersonal interaction with client increases readiness
7. want a partnership
85
What are the guiding principle of MI?
R- resist the righting reflex
U- understand patient motivation- genuine curiosity
L- listen with empathy
E- empower the patient - show them their ability
86
what is co-active coaching?
help people help themselves, work as collaborators, two equals, a team
87
4 factors of client-centred model
1. client is NCRW
2. addresses the client's whole life
3. agenda comes from the client
4. want to evoke transformation
88
What are some assumptions about clients?
- they have the answers
- nothing is wrong or broken
- have barriers to getting to answers
89
What is the role of the coach?
- ask questions
- genuinely curious
- listen
- self manage
- forward client's action
