Unit 3 - Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
What are the 5 characteristics of animals?
A
- Multicellular, eukaryotic and lacking a cell wall
- Heterotrophs
- Motile (capable of movement) at some point in their life cycle
- Reproduce sexually with an embryo that undergoes stages of development
- Form a hollow ball of cell (bastula) during embryological development
2
Q
What is the main characteristic used to classify animals?
A
The presence/absence of a backbone
3
Q
What percent of animals are invertebrates?
A
98%
4
Q
What are Porifera commonly known as?
A
Sponges
5
Q
Where do adult Porifera live?
A
Attached to solid surfaces
6
Q
Do porifera have tissues or organs?
A
No
7
Q
How many layers of cells do porifera bodies consists of?
A
2 layers
8
Q
How do porifera respire?
A
Simple diffusion
9
Q
Do Porifera have a circulatory system?
A
No
10
Q
Describe Porifera’s digestive system.
A
A closed system that filters food from water
11
Q
Do Porifera have mesoderm of coelom?
A
No
12
Q
What kind of symmetry do Porifera have?
A
Asymmetry
13
Q
What animals are classified as cnidarians?
A
Jellyfish, anemones, corals and hydras
14
Q
How many layers of cells make up cnidarian bodies?
A
2 layers
15
Q
Do cnidarians have tissues?
A
Yes (including muscular tissue) as well as a simple nervous system
16
Q
Describe cnidarians digestive system.
A
A closed system, food is digested in body cavity (gastrovascular cavity)
17
Q
How do cnidarians respire?
A
Simple diffusion
18
Q
Do cnidarians have a circulatory system?
A
No
19
Q
Do cnidarians have mesoderm or coelom?
A
No
20
Q
What kind of symmetry do cnidarians have?
A
Radial symmetry
21
Q
What animals are classified as platyhelminthes?
A
Least complex, invertebrate worms, including parasitic tapeworms, flukes and free-living planarians
22
Q
How many layers of cells make up a Platyhelminthes body?
A
3 layers
23
Q
Do Platyhelminthes have a nervous system?
A
Yes, a simple one with brain-like concentrations of cells
24
Q
Describe the Platyhelminthes digestive system
A
A closed system, food is digested in body cavity (gastrovascular cavity)
25
What features do Platyhelminthes have?
A distinct head and an eyespot
26
How do Platyhelminthes respire?
Simple diffusion
27
Do Platyhelminthes have a circulatory system?
No
28
Do Platyhelminthes have mesoderm or coelom?
Has mesoderm, doesn’t have coelom
29
What kind of symmetry do Platyhelminthes have?
Bilateral symmetry
30
What animals are classified as Annelidans?
Earthworms
31
What features do Annelidans have?
A segmented body, distinct head end, several organ systems
32
Describe an Annelida digestive system.
A fairly simple tube that runs from mouth to anus.
33
How do Annelidans respire?
Simple diffusion
34
Describe an Annelidans circulatory system.
Blood vessels supply each segment of the body and 5 pairs of enlarged vessels function as hearts.
35
Do Annelidans have mesoderm or coelom?
Yes
36
What kind of symmetry do Annelidans have?
Bilateral symmetry
37
What animals are classified as mollusca?
Clams, snails, octopuses, etc.
38
How many layers of cells make up a molluscs body?
3 layers
39
What kind of ecosystems are molluscs found in?
Terrestrial, freshwater and marine
40
What are some possible features of molluscs?
Coiled shell, grasping tentacles
41
How are mollusca species similar to each other?
Similar body plan
42
Describe a molluscs digestive system.
A complete system
43
How do molluscs respire?
Using gills, with varying structure depending on if they are terrestrial or aquatic
44
Describe a molluscs circulatory system.
An open system with hemolymph flowing freely through sinuses and cavities. (The inky exception is octopi and squid which have a closed system)
45
Do molluscs have mesoderm and coelom?
Yes
46
What kind of symmetry do molluscs have?
Bilateral symmetry
47
What animals are classified as echinoderms?
Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars
48
What are some features of echinoderms?
Contains endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates with a thin layer of skin covering it
49
Describe echinodermata digestive system.
A complete system with 2 stomachs (cardiac stomach can be turned inside out through the ,out to digest prey before it is fully ingested, pyloric stomach continues digestive process internally)
50
How do echinodermata respire?
Diffusion across specialized structures (tube feet, dermal gills)
51
Describe echinodermata circulatory system.
No true circulatory system, instead a water vascular system consisting of fluid-filled tubes (closed tubes) and tube feet (muscular, fluid-filled tubes that end in suction cup like structures)
52
Do Echinodermata have mesoderm or coelom?
Yes
53
What kind of symmetry do Echinodermata have?
Radial symmetry
54
What are the 4 types of anthropods?
Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions), Myriapods (millipedes and centipedes), Crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp), Insects (beetles, bees, ants, butterflies)
55
What does anthropod mean?
A jointed foot, anthropods have legs made of movable sections connected by joints
56
What are features of Chelicerates?
2 body segments, 6 legs, no antennae, special appendages to feed
57
What are some features of myriapods?
Segments have 1-2 pairs of legs, pair of antennae, simple eyes
58
What are some features of crustaceans?
5 pairs or legs, 2 pairs of antennae, fewer body segments
59
What are some features of insects?
3 body segments, 3 pairs of legs, can have 1-2 pairs of wings, special mouth for siphoning, piercing, suctioning, chewing
60
How do anthropods respire?
Terrestrial use trachea and spiracles, aquatic uses gills, smaller aquatic use simple diffusion, spiders use book lungs
61
Describe an anthropods circulatory system.
Open circulatory system with hemolymph flows freely in body cavity and the dorsal heat pumps the hemolymph
62
Describe an anthropods digestive system.
A complete system with 3 regions (foregut, midgut and hind gut)
63
Do anthropods have mesoderm or coelom?
Yes
64
What kind of symmetry do anthropods have?
Bilateral symmetry
65
What do all chordates have?
Notochord (rod-shaped structure the length of body, used for attachment of movement muscles) and dorsal nerve chord (tube-shaped chord extending along back of the body)
66
What are the five types of chordates?
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
67
Describe the digestive system of all chordates.
A tube-like digestive system that extends from mouth to anus, with common structures like the mouth, stomach, intestines, anus, etc. Complexity of the system varies between species and their diet
68
What are the two groups of fish? Provide examples for each.
Class Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays; have skeleton of cartilage) and Class Osteichthyes (guppies, tuna, salmon; bony fish)
69
Describe common habitats of fish.
Freshwater or saltwater
70
How do fish respire?
Obtain dissolved oxygen from water using gills
71
Describe a fish circulatory system.
A closed system with the heart pumping boood around body in a single loop.
72
How did amphibians evolve to become tetrapods?
The fins of bony fish became limbs
73
What does tetrapod mean?
A vertebrate with 2 pairs of limbs
74
What animals are amphibians?
Frogs and toads (Order Anura), Salamanders (Order Urodela)
75
How do amphibians respire?
They have lungs and use their moist skin for gas exchange
76
Describe amphibian circulatory system.
A closed system with a 3 chambered heart and double circulatory system (blood moves in 2 separate circuits)
77
What kind of animals are reptiles?
Lizards and snakes (Order Squamata), turtles (Order Testudines), crocodiles (Order Crocodilia)
78
How do reptiles prevent dehydration?
Their body scales create a waterproof barrier
79
How do reptiles respire?
They only use lungs
80
Describe a reptile circulatory system.
A closed system with a 3 chambered heart and double circulatory system
81
How are birds able to fly?
Wings with feathers, lightweight and hollow bones, toothless skull and a compact body
82
How do birds respire?
One way movement of air through use or air sacs that connect to lungs
83
Describe a bird’s circulatory system.
Closed system with a 4 chambered heart and double circulatory system
84
What are the distinctive features of mammals?
Hair used for insulation, camouflage, waterproofing, communication, etc. mammary glands in females produces and secretes milk for nourishing young. Highly developed brain
85
What are the types of mammals?
Monotremes (egg-laying mammals, e.g duck-billed platypus), Marsupials (pouched, short gestation period e.g kangaroos, koalas), placental mammals (have placenta, diversity in species + structures e.g bear, bat, whale, human)
86
How do mammals respire?
They use lungs and other organs to being in and push out air and use alveoli to out oxygen in blood and take carbon dioxide out.
87
Describe a mammal circulatory system.
A closed system, 4 chambered heart and double circulatory system
88
Do chordates have mesoderm or coelom?
Yes
89
What kind of symmetry do chordates have?
Bilateral symmetry
