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AP US > Unit 3: Leading up to the Rev., Nation Building > Flashcards

Unit 3: Leading up to the Rev., Nation Building Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

French and Indian War

A

Conflict between France and Britain as part of the 7 years war, fought in America over colonial territory

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2
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Passed by the British after the 7 years war, limited colonial expansion to maintain good relations with the Native Americans

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3
Q

Virtual Representation

A

The idea that American colonists could be represented in parliment by British-born representatives

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4
Q

Sugar act

A

A tax on sugar

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5
Q

Tea act

A

A tax on tea

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6
Q

Stamp act

A

A tax on all printed materials (letters, newspapers, stamps)

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7
Q

Quartering acts

A

Laws that required colonists to feed and house British soldiers in cities

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8
Q

Townshend acts

A

Taxes on goods like paper, glass, lead, etc.

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9
Q

Coercive acts (Intolerable acts)

A

Passed in response to the Boston Tea Party Restricted freedoms and liberties in Mass.

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10
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Protest where colonists dressed as Natives and threw tea into Boston Harbor

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11
Q

1st Continental Congress

A

Met in 1774 to discuss colonial responses to British laws and taxes

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12
Q

Boston Massacre

A

A protest between colonists and “redcoats” that ended with the British firing into a crowd of civilian protesters

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13
Q

Nonimportation/Boycotts

A

Refusing to buy products from a company or area

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14
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

when Paul revere said “ the British are coming”, the first main battle of the revolutionary war

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15
Q

2nd continental congress

A

Met in 1775 to organize an independent government and discuss if/how they would be able to fight the British

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16
Q

The Enllightenment

A

Philosophical movement that inspired the Founding Fathers and American Revolution

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17
Q

Common sense

A

Book written by Thomas Paine that argued for independence

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18
Q

The Olive Branch Petition

A

Written at the 2nd Continental Congress as a way to restate American loyalty to the British, King George rejected the petition

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19
Q

Loyalist

A

A person who supports the Monarchy

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20
Q

Patriot

A

A person in favor of revolution

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21
Q

Republican Motherhood

A

The idea that women should have better education and rights so they can raise more politically literate sons that support the American ideals

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22
Q

The declaration of independence

A

Document formally absolving the US gov from Britain, included grievances, rationale, and the signatures of 56 representatives

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23
Q

John Locke

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A

Enlightenment thinker who proposed that all humans have “natural rights” given to you at birth by god

24
Q

Thomas Hobbes

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A

Enlightenment thinker who believed humans are inherently corrupt and need a strong government to unify them

25
Jean Rousseau
Enlightenment thinker who stated government was a "social contract" that required both the government and the governed to agree
26
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Document signed between Britain and the US that ended the Rev. War and gave land and independence to America
27
Sovereignty
Power, authority, of a body to freely govern
28
Articles of Confederation
1st Constitution of the US 1781-1788 (weaknesses: no executive. no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade, all states had 1 vote)
29
Shays' Rebellion
Rebellion in MA by poor farmers and unpaid soldiers, the inability of the US to respond showed the weakness of AoC)
30
Annapolis Convention
Called to try and fix the AoC, Hamilton suggested just starting over with a new document
31
Federalism
Government structure where power is split between State and Federal bodies
32
Virginia plan
Argued proportional representation based on a states size
33
New Jersey plan
Argued equal representation regardless of population
34
Great compromise (1787)
Fused the two plans and created a Bicameral (two-house) legislative branch. All laws would have to pass through the House of representatives (proportional rep.) and Senate (equal rep.)
35
The three-fifths compromise
Determined that each slave would count as 3/5ths of a citizen for population counts, prevented southern states from sweeping the house
36
Legislative branch
The House and The Senate, makes the laws
37
Judicial branch
The supreme court, Decides if laws are constitutional or not and settles disputes between lesser courts
38
Executive branch
The president, enforces laws through federal agencies
39
Separation of Powers/ Checks and Balances
Power is shared between the Branches and each has the ability to restrict the power of the other
40
Federalists
Supporters of the constitution who favor a strong central government
41
Antifederalists
Opponents of the constitution who want power in the hands of the states and citizens (later morph into democratic-republicans)
42
Federalist papers
A series of essays written by Jay. Hamilton, and Madison to promote ratification(to make official) of the constitution
43
The Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments of the constitution, secured the rights of citizens and provided more power to state and local government
44
Necessary and Proper clause
Article 1, sec 8 of the constitution, congress can make any laws they feel are "necessary and proper" to run the government
45
Strict Constructionist
Literal interpretation of the Constitution, government can do only what is specifically stated in the constitution
46
Loose Constructionist
Flexible interpretation of the Constitution, the government has implied powers not specifically written
47
Hamilton's financial plan
The US government will take on all Rev. War debts, establish a National Bank to issue loans and make a single national currency
48
Whiskey rebellion
Revolt by poor western farmers who were negatively affected by Hamilton's tax on whiskey
49
Jay's treaty
1794: The US asks Britain nicely to leave their ships alone and remove their troops from American forts, Britain agrees and everyone gets mad at John Jay
50
Pickney's Treaty
1795: Spain lets the US use the Mississippi River and New Orleans port for shipping, everyone loves Tom Pickney
51
Treaty of Greenville
1795: Native Americans in the Northwest territory are forced to cede their land to the US and are forced further west
52
George Washington
The first president of the US
53
John Adams
The second president of the US
54
XYZ affair
Diplomatic incident where Americans were outraged by the French demand for a bribe to negotiate with American diplomats
55
Alien and Sedition acts
Laws passed to restrict immigrant rights and prevent criticism of the government
56
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
Democratic -Republican resolutions advocating for the ability to void any federal law within the states

AP US (6 decks)

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