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Pre-AP Biology > Unit 3 Learning Checkpoint 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 3 Learning Checkpoint 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Energy, short term energy storage, structure

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2
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Structural support, long-term energy storage, cell signaling

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3
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Different types - storage, transport, structure, regulating cell processes, etc.

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4
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

Enable living things to reproduce components

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5
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

What is the monomer of lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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7
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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8
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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9
Q

What is the function of an enzyme?

A

They catalyze reactions and help transport chemicals

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10
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

The location that one specific substrate fits into perfectly

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11
Q

What happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?

A

It no longer fits with substrates

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12
Q

What is ATP?

A

Energy for a cell

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13
Q

What does it mean to catalyze a reaction?

A

To speed up a process without being involved in it

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14
Q

What is ATP made of?

A

Adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose, and THREE phosphate groups

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15
Q

What is ADP made of?

A

Adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose, and TWO phosphate groups

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16
Q

What happens to ATP in the process of becoming ADP?

A

Water is added, a phosphate is released, and energy is released

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17
Q

What happens to ADP in the process of becoming ATP?

A

Water is released, a phosphate is added, and energy is added

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18
Q

What is an endergonic reaction?

A

A reaction that consumes energy

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19
Q

What is an exergonic reaction?

A

A reaction that produces energy

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20
Q

Describe prokaryotic cells.

A

Single-celled, no nucleus, and no membrane-bound organelles

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21
Q

Describe eukaryotic cells.

A

Can be single-celled or multi-celled, has a nucleus, and has membrane-bound organelles

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22
Q

Can a plant cell or animal cell be prokaryotic?

A

No

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23
Q

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

A

Bacteria

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24
Q

What is an example of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Plant cell (also: animal cell, etc.)

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25
Q

What four parts do all cells have?

A

Cell/plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA

26
Q

What does the flagella do?

A

Propels the cell forward

27
Q

What cells have flagella?

A

Prokaryotic cells

28
Q

What do the pili do?

A

Allow cells to stick together

29
Q

What cells have pili?

A

Prokaryotic cells

30
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used; breaks down junk

31
Q

What cells have lysosomes?

A

Eukaryotic cells

32
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Assemble proteins

33
Q

What cells have ribosomes?

A

All cells

34
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from ER for storage or release

35
Q

What cells have a Golgi apparatus?

A

Eukaryotic cells

36
Q

What do mitochondria do?

A

Convert chemical energy in food to forms the cell can use

37
Q

What cells have mitochondria?

A

Eukaryotic cells

38
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

Capture sunlight and convert it to chemical energy

39
Q

What cells have chloroplasts?

A

Plant cells

40
Q

What one thing do only animal cells have?

A

Centrioles

41
Q

What three things do only plant cells have?

A

Chloroplasts, cell wall, and large vacuole

42
Q

What are the three main components of the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Cholesterol, proteins, and phospholipids

43
Q

What is the main function of proteins in the phospholipid bilayer?

A

To transport molecules in and out of the cell

44
Q

What three factors affect the fluidity of the cell membrane?

A

Unsaturated vs. saturated, cholesterol, and temperature

45
Q

Is the cell membrane saturated or unsaturated if the phospholipid tails are straight?

A

Saturated

46
Q

How does cholesterol help to maintain fluidity of the cell membrane?

A

It prevents packing

47
Q

How can temperature affect the fluidity of the cell membrane?

A

The higher the temperature, the more fluid the cell membrane

48
Q

What is it called when you go from ADP to ATP?

A

Condensation

49
Q

Is the cell membrane more fluid at high temperatures or low temperatures?

A

High temperatures

50
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Goes from high to low (evening out), no energy required

51
Q

What is active transport?

A

Goes from low to high (unnatural), energy required

52
Q

What is it called when there is more salt on the outside of the cell than on the inside?

A

Hypertonic solution

53
Q

What is it called when there is more salt on the inside of the cell than on the outside?

A

Hypotonic solution

54
Q

What is it called when there is an even amount of salt on the inside and outside?

A

Isotonic solution

55
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

How we resist change and maintain a stable internal environment

56
Q

What may happen when a negative feedback loop is disrupted?

A

Disease may occur

57
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

A reaction that amplifies the change

58
Q

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

A

Childbirth

59
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

A reaction that resists the change

60
Q

What is an example of a negative feedback loop?

A

Temperature regulation

Pre-AP Biology (2 decks)

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