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Pre-AP Biology > Unit 3 Learning Checkpoint 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 3 Learning Checkpoint 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Energy, short term energy storage, structure

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2
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Structural support, long-term energy storage, cell signaling

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3
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Different types - storage, transport, structure, regulating cell processes, etc.

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4
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

Enable living things to reproduce components

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5
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

What is the monomer of lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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7
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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8
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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9
Q

What is the function of an enzyme?

A

They catalyze reactions and help transport chemicals

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10
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

The location that one specific substrate fits into perfectly

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11
Q

What happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?

A

It no longer fits with substrates

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12
Q

What is ATP?

A

Energy for a cell

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13
Q

What does it mean to catalyze a reaction?

A

To speed up a process without being involved in it

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14
Q

What is ATP made of?

A

Adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose, and THREE phosphate groups

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15
Q

What is ADP made of?

A

Adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose, and TWO phosphate groups

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16
Q

What happens to ATP in the process of becoming ADP?

A

Water is added, a phosphate is released, and energy is released

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17
Q

What happens to ADP in the process of becoming ATP?

A

Water is released, a phosphate is added, and energy is added

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18
Q

What is an endergonic reaction?

A

A reaction that consumes energy

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19
Q

What is an exergonic reaction?

A

A reaction that produces energy

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20
Q

Describe prokaryotic cells.

A

Single-celled, no nucleus, and no membrane-bound organelles

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21
Q

Describe eukaryotic cells.

A

Can be single-celled or multi-celled, has a nucleus, and has membrane-bound organelles

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22
Q

Can a plant cell or animal cell be prokaryotic?

A

No

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23
Q

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

A

Bacteria

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24
Q

What is an example of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Plant cell (also: animal cell, etc.)

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25
What four parts do all cells have?
Cell/plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA
26
What does the flagella do?
Propels the cell forward
27
What cells have flagella?
Prokaryotic cells
28
What do the pili do?
Allow cells to stick together
29
What cells have pili?
Prokaryotic cells
30
What do lysosomes do?
Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used; breaks down junk
31
What cells have lysosomes?
Eukaryotic cells
32
What do ribosomes do?
Assemble proteins
33
What cells have ribosomes?
All cells
34
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from ER for storage or release
35
What cells have a Golgi apparatus?
Eukaryotic cells
36
What do mitochondria do?
Convert chemical energy in food to forms the cell can use
37
What cells have mitochondria?
Eukaryotic cells
38
What do chloroplasts do?
Capture sunlight and convert it to chemical energy
39
What cells have chloroplasts?
Plant cells
40
What one thing do only animal cells have?
Centrioles
41
What three things do only plant cells have?
Chloroplasts, cell wall, and large vacuole
42
What are the three main components of the phospholipid bilayer?
Cholesterol, proteins, and phospholipids
43
What is the main function of proteins in the phospholipid bilayer?
To transport molecules in and out of the cell
44
What three factors affect the fluidity of the cell membrane?
Unsaturated vs. saturated, cholesterol, and temperature
45
Is the cell membrane saturated or unsaturated if the phospholipid tails are straight?
Saturated
46
How does cholesterol help to maintain fluidity of the cell membrane?
It prevents packing
47
How can temperature affect the fluidity of the cell membrane?
The higher the temperature, the more fluid the cell membrane
48
What is it called when you go from ADP to ATP?
Condensation
49
Is the cell membrane more fluid at high temperatures or low temperatures?
High temperatures
50
What is passive transport?
Goes from high to low (evening out), no energy required
51
What is active transport?
Goes from low to high (unnatural), energy required
52
What is it called when there is more salt on the outside of the cell than on the inside?
Hypertonic solution
53
What is it called when there is more salt on the inside of the cell than on the outside?
Hypotonic solution
54
What is it called when there is an even amount of salt on the inside and outside?
Isotonic solution
55
What is homeostasis?
How we resist change and maintain a stable internal environment
56
What may happen when a negative feedback loop is disrupted?
Disease may occur
57
What is a positive feedback loop?
A reaction that amplifies the change
58
What is an example of a positive feedback loop?
Childbirth
59
What is a negative feedback loop?
A reaction that resists the change
60
What is an example of a negative feedback loop?
Temperature regulation

Pre-AP Biology (2 decks)

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