Unit 3 - Letters - Final Flashcards
This is the final! Study Paul + other NT letters. (186 cards)
1
Q
What age are we studying?
A
Apostolic
2
Q
What are the primary sources for the Apostolic Age?
A
NT books (canonical); book of Acts and 21 Letter
3
Q
What are examples of ‘extra-canonical’ / non-canonical books as Apostolic Age sources?
A
- Josephus, Tacitus, Pliny (non-Christians w/little help)
- Aprocryphal books such as ‘Apcryphal Acts’, ‘Apoc. Epistles’
4
Q
ApAg (Apostolic Age) has several different authors as primary sources. This records various aspects of what 3 things?
A
- life
- culture
- church
5
Q
What’s the importance of the Letter Form (vs. straight history narrative)?
A
- personal information, insights, etc.
- gives info both about writer and reader/audience
6
Q
Who is the author of Acts?
A
anonymous or not identified
7
Q
Who does tradition say wrote Acts?
A
Luke
8
Q
The book of Acts is the connecting link between what two genres of the NT?
A
Gospels and Epistles
9
Q
What book tells how Church went from Jerusalem -> rest of world?
A
Acts
10
Q
What book helps one understand Jesus’s ministry to the churches?
A
Acts
11
Q
What are some reasons for believing Luke is the author of Acts?
A
- both address “O Theophilus”
- Luke was apparently an early convert from Gentile misson
- was from Antioch in Syria (now part of Turkey)
- was a historian
- was an educated Gentile physician
12
Q
What are the 2 patterns of Luke’s selective history in Acts?
A
Geography and Biography
13
Q
What are the 6 Geographical Interest panels/periods Acts is divided into?
A
1-Jerusalem
2-Palestine
3-Antioch
4-Asia Minor
5-Europe
6-Rome
14
Q
Who is the major player in the first 3 Geographical periods of Acts (Jerusalem, Palestine, and Antioch)? Honorable mentions?
A
- MP: Peter
- HM: Philip and Stephen
15
Q
Who is the major player in the last 3 Geographical periods of Acts (Asia Minor, Europe, Rome)? Honorable mentions?
A
- MP: Paul
- HM: Barnabus and James (J’s bro)
16
Q
The bulk of Acts is 2nd hand material based off of what accounts?
A
eye-witness
17
Q
What are sections of Acts that include the “We” accounts?
A
Acts 16:6-17
20: 5-21:8
27: 1-28:16
18
Q
What does Luke mainly want to point out through Acts?
A
Christianity is not politically dangerous.
19
Q
Who/what power does Luke emphasize in Acts?
A
- Holy Spirit is key, power, catalyst for mission/church, etc.
- prophecy = foretelling, “forthtelling”
20
Q
“Kerygma” means what?
A
-preaching
21
Q
What NT book is 1/5 speeches and sermons?
A
Acts
22
Q
What are the 3 elements of Apostolic Proclamation in Acts?
A
1-OT prophecy fulfilled
2-Jesus of Nazareth = Messiah
3-Repent, Be baptized, Receive Holy Spirit
23
Q
Why is Acts seemingly limited?
A
- gaps in narrative
- few precise dates
- selective history
24
Q
What are the 1st 5 chronological events of the ApAg in Acts?
A
- Pentecost, May 28th (Acts 2:1)
- Stoning of Stephen (7:1)
- Paul’s conversion to Christianity (9:1)
- Paul’s 1st missionary journey (13-14)
- Apostolic/Jerusalem Council (15:1-29)
25
What are the 2nd 5 (6-10) chronological events of the ApAg in Acts?
6. Pa's 2nd missionary journey (15:36-18:23)
7. Pa's 3rd missionary journey (18:23-21:17)
8. Pa's arrest in Jerusalem (21:27-33)
9. Arrival of Parcius Festus as procurator of Judea
10. Paul taken to Rome for trial
26
What are the last 6 (11-16) chronological events of the ApAg in Acts?
11. Paul taken to Rome for trial
12. Paul remains for 2 years under house arrest in Rome (28:30)
13. Pa's release from his 1st Roman imprisonment
14. Pa's subsequent missionary journeys (including a possible visit to Spain; Romans 15:24-28)
15. Pa's 2nd Roman imprisonment and death
16. John's death at Ephesus
27
What does the Day of Pentecost include?
- Harvest feast
- commemorate giving of the Law
- Pilgrim feast
28
For what feast do followers make a journey to Jerusalem?
Pilgrim
29
What are the 3 signs in Acts 2 of the Holy Spirit?
1. Sound (wind/spirit) = Pneuma (breath) -- **auditory**
2. Tongues of Fire (purification) -- **visual**
3. Speaking of Tongues (recognizable languages)
30
What OT prophet does Peter reference in Acts 2 and thinks is fulfilled?
Joel
31
Who were the earliest Christians?
Jews
32
The early church was developed w/in the framework of what religion?
Judaism
33
What people rapidly take the Gospel home?
Romans
34
What are some theological focuses of the early church?
- suitability of new faith for all
- universal aspect
35
Who are 2 conversion examples from Acts 9 and 10?
9-Ethiopian Eunich
10-Cornelius
36
What religious people 'stick to the status quo', are the 'top dogs', the 'temple guys', and the 'bad guys' ?
Sadducees
37
Who is Peter released by in Acts 4?
an angel
38
Why is Act 4's rescue by an angel ironic?
Sadducees (guys who arrested Peter and John) didn't believe in angels.
39
What religious group was directly connected to Stephen?
Pharisees
40
Who had the longest speech in Acts, was 1 of 7 people in Acts 6 selected to give out charitable relief, was an apt teacher, and apparently seen byLuke as very important.
Stephen
41
Who does Stephen deliver his speech to?
Sanhedrin
42
Stephen trlls the Sanhedrin in his speech what?
- history
- God reveals Himself to people outside the Holy Place
- temple is man's idea not God's
43
What are 3 interesting parallels between Jesus's death and Stephen's?
- illegal death
- similar defense before Sanhedrin
- prayer before death
44
What is the significance/effect of Acts?
- transition of more Jewish to more Christian (God is not confined)
- opened way to Christian mission to gentiles
- followers of Jesus begin to realize independence from parent Judaism
45
What are the immediate results of events in Acts?
- vast persecution
- scattering of Christians
- both persecution and scattering helped it to spread
- new gentile congregation (Syria's Antioch)
46
Where were people first called 'Christians' ?
the church in Syria's Antioch
47
What makes up Paul's training/early life?
- born close to Jesus's time
- born in Jewish family in city of Tarsus ( = Hellenistic Jew = brought up outside of Palestine)
- claims brought up in strict observance of Hebrew faith
- was a Pharisee and was son of a Pharisee
- was Roman citizen by birth (rare)
48
What was required for possibilities to become a Roman citizen?
-descended from Italian family
OR
-did something great for Rome (including giving lots of money)
49
Who did Paul say he was sent by his parents to study under?
Gamaliel (grandson of Hillel, who was 1 of 2 famous Rabbinical scribes)
50
Who was Paul (when Saul) a persecutor against (remember specifics)?
- Stephen (and other Christians)
- Jesus (conversion, Acts 9 = 1st time (of 3) Luke shows it
51
What is Paul's theology after conversion?
- Jesus = living, exalted Messiah
- Salvation = by grace through faith, not by works of law
52
Where did Paul go on his 1st Missionary Journey?
D, 3yrs, D, Ar, D, J, T, A1, J, A2, C, AM, A
[picture for rough reference]
| (A1 = Syria, A2 = Galatia)
53
Where did the 2 gaps in Paul's 1st missionary journey take place?
1. 3 years before leaving Damascus (D) --\> Arabia (Ar)
2. 7-10 years between Tarsus (T) and Antioch (A1)
\*remember T = Paul's hometown
54
Every time Paul and crew come into a city, where do they go to first?
Jews synagogue, *then* to gentiles
55
What city was, after Paul's 1st MJ, the 'mission base' or 'home church' ?
Antioch
(but I don't know which one...Galatia [A2] or Syria [A1])
56
When were Paul, Barnabus, and JohnMark sent 'by Holy Spirit' during the 1st MJ?
between A1 (Syria) and Cyprus
57
What did 'follow-up ministry' include?
- going back and revisiting establishing churches
- encouragement
- appointing elders/leaders
- for Paul, letters
58
Who are Judaizers?
Jewish Christians who insist gentiles must 1st be circumcised and become Jews before receiving salvation
59
What were different beliefs given at the Apostolic Council in Jerusalem?
**Judaizers:** by grace, through faith, **+ ...**
**Pa,Bar,andPe:** by grace, through faith.
**James:** by grace, through faith; don't take advantage or mis-use freedom (causing Jewish brothers to stumble)
60
The Apostolic Council opened a way to establish what?
"universal Christianity"
61
Where did Paul go for his 2nd Missionary Journey?
Tr, M, S, N, P, Th, B, Ath, C, A2 via E (down and around)
62
Who all goes with Paul on his 2nd missionary journey?
Silas, Timothy and, for part, Luke (Macedonia)
63
A land pass through what mountains was used on Paul's 2nd MJ?
Taurus Mountains
64
On 2nd MJ, what city had the 1st church Paul est. in Europe?
Philippi
65
What church had the best relationship with Paul?
Philippi
66
What was one of the 'potential problems' for Judeo-Christians after the Apostolic Council?
table-fellowship (Ju-Ch's treated gentiles as not suitable to hang out with)
67
What town from the 2nd MJ included tent making and persecution?
Thessalonica
68
What town from the 2nd MJ included successful preaching until Jews from Thess. came to stir things up and force Paul on to Athens?
Berea
69
What town from the 2nd MJ had the 'Areopagus Council' and was a hub of intelligentsia?
Athens
70
What town from the 2nd MJ Council had sea ports, a major East/West travel route, a temple dedicated to a fertility goddess, and an extremely immoral reputation (even to pagans)?
Corinth
71
How long did Paul stay at Corinth on his 2nd MJ?
18 months
72
Where did Silas and Timothy finally meet up again with Paul on the 2nd MJ? What city's letters did they correspond with?
Corinth; Thessalonica's
73
What town was the capital of the province of Asia?
Ephesus
74
What are some features of Ephesus?
- economic importance (Silk Road connecting to China)
- commercial center
- sea port
- temple to Artmeis
- people from all over
- fruitful ministry
75
Who founded the church at Colossae?
Epaphras (a convert from Paul's ministry in Ephesus who took the Message home)
76
How many letters are there from Paul to the Corinthians?
3 (noting the "Lost Corinthians")
77
Who stirs up a huge riot in Ephesus before Paul can leave for Corinth?
Demetrius
78
How long does Paul stay at Corinth?
3 months
79
Where does Paul plan to visit after Corinth?
Jerusalem, Rome, then Spain
80
To what church does Paul want to give a gift from the gentile churches?
church in Jerusalem
81
What happens in ch 21-23 of Acts to Paul?
**1**. Paul tries to reconcile w/those thinking he is saying to break God's law. **2**. Riot in the Temple **3**. Pa's 2nd time tells conversion story; uses his trump card of citizenship and gets sent to the Sanhedrin **4**. Pa divides and conquers the Sanhedrin and gets them to fight against each other **5**. Pa transferred to Caesarea where the is a plot against him
82
What happens in ch 24-28 (end) of Acts to Paul?
**6**. Pa's defense before Felix, Festus, and Herod Agrippa II **7**. Voyage to Rome **8**. Pisoner in Rome **9**. Post-Captivity uncertainty
83
Who warns Paul of the plot against him in Caesarea?
his nephew
84
Which of the leaders from Acts 24 first places Paul under house arrest?
Felix
85
Which leader from Acts 25 replaced Felix and gave opportunity for Paul to again try and appeal to higher/Imperial court in Rome?
Festus
86
To which leader of Acts 25/26 does Paul explain his case (right before being sent to the Imperial Court/Caesar)?
Herod Agrippa II
87
At the very end of Acts, what is Paul doing?
awaiting trial in Rome
88
What are 2 different years given for Paul's death?
64 or 68
89
What are the 3 Pastoral Epistles?
- 1 and 2 Timothy
- Titus
90
What are the 4 Prison (or Captivity) Epistles?
- Ephesians
- Philippians
- Colossians
- Philemon
91
What could Paul not have done if he died in 64?
the mission-work claimed in Pastoral Epistles
92
Why does Paul dying in 68 seemingly fit better/make more sense?
He could've been released, done the mission work mentioned, and written Pastoral Epistles
93
What (genre) letters of Paul are not necessarily believed to have his genuine authorship? Why?
Pastoral Epistles
-very different style and vocabulary from Pa's other letters
94
What do the Pastoral Epistles focus on/regard?
church proceedings
95
What areas were the main focuses of Paul's 3 missionary journies?
1st - Asia Minor
2nd - Greece
3rd - Ephesus
96
How many letters of the NT are attributed to Paul?
13
97
What are the 2 parts of Paul's general letter form?
1 - Orthodoxy
2 - Orthopraxy
98
What is "orthodoxy" ?
right **doctrine**
99
What is "orthopraxy" ?
right **practice**
100
What is an "amanuensis" ?
a person/assistant hired to take down dictations; was used by Paul
101
What could be a reason for changes in forms/vocabulary in Paul's letters?
use of an Amanuensis (literary assistant / scribe)
102
What is \*roughly\* the order of Paul's letters in the Bible?
long ------\> short
103
Which of Paul's letters are eschatological?
1 and 2 Thess
104
Which of Paul's letters are Soteriological?
Capital Epistles (Rom, Gal, 1 and 2 Cor)
105
Which of Paul's letters are the Capital Epistles?
- Romans
- Galatians
- 1 and 2 Corinthians
106
Which of Paul's letters are Christological?
Prison/Captivity Epistles (Eph, Col, Philp, Phile)
107
Which of Paul's letters are Ecclesiological?
Pastoral Epistles (1 and 2 Tim, Tit)
108
What is "eschatology" ?
study of last days, end times
109
What is "soteriology" ?
study of Salvation
110
What is "Christology" ?
study of things pertaining to Christ
111
What is "ecclesiology" ?
study of the Church
112
Acts covers Paul's preaching/evangelizing to what audience?
non-believers
113
Paul's letters cover his teachings to what audience(s)?
already-Christians
114
Which books/letters are the most uncontested of Paul's authorship and the "heart of Paul's theology" ?
Capital Epistles (Rom, Gal, 1 and 2 Cor)
115
When were the letters to the Thessalonians (Macedonia) written?
Pa's 2nd journey, when he was in Corinth
116
What are some 'bothersome questions' Paul addresses in 1 Thessalonians?
- what happens to believers who die before Christ's 2nd coming
- when is Christ going to return
117
What is the technical word for Christ's return?
"Parousia"
118
What is the *purpose* of Eschatology?
ethical ("ethical cutting edge")
119
What is the main teaching of both letters to the Thessalonians?
Parousia (return of Christ)
120
What does Paul say in 2 Thess. must happen before Christ returns?
-"man of lawlessness" aka antichrist
121
Which of Paul's letters is written to multiple churches? When were some of the churches established?
Galatians; Pa's 1st MJ
122
What is Paul's purpose for writing Galatians?
to address/correct the false doctrine of the Judaizers (grace through faith + more)
123
Which of Paul's letters are missing the thanksgiving intro?
- Galatians
- 1 Timothy
- Titus
124
Which of the General Letters do not have a thanksgiving intro?
- James
- 2 Peter
- Jude
- Hebrews
125
Besides addressing the false doctrine of Judaizers, what does Paul focus on in Galatians?
"Gospel" of Christian Liberty (good news of Salvation = good news of freedom from the Law)
126
What is the summary outline for how Paul wrote Galatians?
1 - defense
2- exposition
3 - practical application
127
What is "justification" ?
- "**_just_ _if_** I had never sinned"
- reconnection with God by faith through grace
128
What is "antinomianism" ?
- anti = **against**, nom = **law**
- "now I can live in abandon"
- living as if there is no law; moral abandon
129
The church of Corinth was founded during which MJ? and the letters were written during which?
- founded on 2nd
- written do on 3rd
130
Chapters 1-6 of 1 Corinthians deal with what?
reports of
- disruptive factions in the church
- immorality
- lawsuits
131
Chapters 7-16 of 1 Corinthians deal with what?
- sex, marriage, and celibacy
- eating food sacrificed to idols
- abuses in public worship
- resurrection of the dead (both Jesus and us)
132
Chapters 1-7 of 2 Corinthians serve as what?
Paul's missionary newletter
133
Which of Paul's letters has more biographical info about him than any other letter?
2 Corinthians
134
What 4 main topics does Paul address in 2 Corinthians?
1 - Ministry of New Covenant (est. through Christ)
2 - Ministry of Reconciliation
3 - Christian giving
4 - Paul's adversaries (some scholars believe this section came from an earlier "painful" letter b/c it's so out of place)
135
When was the letter to the Romans written?
on Paul's 3rd MJ, when he was at Corinth, hoping to go to Rome through Spain
136
Which of Paul's letters focuses more on orthodoxy than orthopraxy? Why?
Romans; he was looking for support from the church at Rome on his westward journey (basically his declaration of faith and Gospel understanding)`
137
In what 5 big ways does Paul address Justification in Romans?
1 - Universal need of righteousness (the "problem")
2 - Two-fold manifestation of God's righteousness (the "solution" Jesus)
3 - Abraham justified by faith (shows it isn't a new idea)
4 - Fruit of justification (consequences by way of Holy Spirit = peace, joy, certainty of Salvation)
5 - Christ = 2nd Adam (A-\>sin-\>death ; C-\>righteousness-\>life)
138
How did Paul address Sanctificatiion by faith in Romans?
- not made holy by works but by faith in God
- 3 objections raised and refuted
- union w/Christ makes believers children of God; Christ guides them by His Spirit
139
What does Paul try to teach Romans from the problem of Israel's unbelief?
God's purposes ultimately NOT thwarted by man's disobedience
140
What word is always said for a reason, and is specifically used in the 'practical' part of Romans?
"therefore"
141
What 3 things does Paul exhort his readers to do in the 'practical' section of Romans?
1 - cultivate Christian graces
2 - obey civil authority (as long as it is acting w/in God-given mandate)
3 - demonstrate mutual love and patience (laying aside your rights for the bettering of others out of love)
142
Who is the secretary ("Amanuensis") that closes Romans?
Terseus
143
In what 3 ways does Paul address Colossian heresy?
1 - syncretistic movement (blend of # of influences, ideas, or beliefs)
2 - "Elemental spirits" (false teachers urge worship of these other 'angelic beings')
3 - Uniqueness of Christ (and supremacy and kingship is being undervalued)
144
What is the summarizing theme of Colossians?
preeminence of Christ
145
What is included in the doctrinal section of Colossians?
- exalted description of Christ (including Christological Hymn)
- warning against false teaching
146
What is included in the practical section of Colossians?
- everyday behavior should reflect the Lordship of Christ
- put to death old nature and put on new nature
- transformed relationships
147
What are the 3 kinds of transformed relationships Paul mentions in both Colossians and Ephesians?
1 - wives/husbands
2 - children/parents
3 - slaves/masters
148
Why did Paul write Philemon?
as a personal letter regarding Onesimus
149
What does the name "Onesimus" mean?
"useful"
150
What are the 4 parts of Philemon?
1 - salutation and thanksgiving
2 - intercession for Onesimus
3 - impending visit anticipated
4 - greeting and benedition
151
What is the significance of Philemon?
- ordinary relationships can be put into Christian love
- creates a principle which has a great, if gradual, effect on social history
152
What theory would explain the theological semon style of Ephesians?
if the letter was written to churches in the area instead of just one, and was passed around
153
What is the main theme of Ephesians?
universal church of Jesus Christ fulfills God's eternal purpose (speaks to church's 'grandeur')
154
What 3 things is the Unity of Church described as?
1 - building/temple of God
2 - body of Christ
3 - bride of Christ
155
What is the theme of the **doctrinal** section of Ephesians?
Spiritual *privileges* of the church
156
What 'instrument' is mentioned in Ephesians as used to bring about God's revelation to the world (one new humanity under Christ)?
the Church
157
What is the theme of the **practical** section of Ephesians?
Spiritual *responsibilities* of the Church
158
What are the 3 general responsibilities of the Church that Paul gives in the practical section of Ephesians?
1 - unity of body of Christ
2 - moral conduct (\*\*clothing metaphor)
3 - relationships patterned on submission of the church of Christ
159
How does Paul address spiritual warfare in the practical section of Ephesians?
1 - discusses corporate dimensions
2 - whole armor of God vs. spiritual forces of evil
160
What 4 people was the church at Philippi est. by?
- Paul
- Silas
- Luke
- Timothy
161
Where does the Philippian church start?
Macedonia
162
Which special church does Paul allow to support him?
Church at Philippi
163
Who was the Philippian Christian sent by church to deliver gift a gift to Paul, and then return with Paul's letter?
Epaphroditus
164
Which of Paul's letters is the 'Epistle of joy' ?
Philippians
165
How many times do the words "joy" or "rejoice" appear in Philippians? What does this show of Paul's view?
16x ; Paul looks at the 'bigger picture'
166
What makes up the Christological hymns in both Philippians and Colossians?
- structure appears like a poem
- very exalted view of Christ
167
What are the 3 points Philippians can be summarized into?
1 - exhorts readers to **unity, humility, and love** according to ex. of Christ
2 - warns them of Judaizers and their religion of **'works righteousness'**
3 - exhortation to unity and **joy**
168
Besides the 13 Pauline letters, how many additional letters are there (written by 5 or 6 authors)?
8
169
General letters are also referred to as?
Catholic Epistles
170
The general letters were written for **who** and **what**?
who: larger audiences, not specific congregations; universal
what: more official, like a sermon
171
What are the 8 general letters?
- James
- 1 and 2 Peter
- 1, 2, 3 John
- Jude
172
*Why does the husband make coffee?*
***Hebrews***
173
Which general letter has anonymous authorship, but is theorized to be Paul's, Barnabas's, Apollos's, Luke's, etc.?
Hebrews
174
Why is Hebrews probably not written by Paul?
- different writing style (ex. no use of phrase "Christ Jesus" and only 1 mention of Christ's resurrection ... both Paul uses lots)
- different theological emphases
175
Who does Hebrews appear to be written to?
Jewish-Christians (why it's called 'Hebrews')
- in Rome
- facing persecution for faith
176
When was Hebrews likely written?
audience not yet shed blood, means before Nero, means probably before **64**AD, and at least before 70AD
177
What are the 1st 10 chapters of Hebrews spent addressing?
superiority to Judaism
178
themes in Hebrews include:
- Christ's pre-eminence as a person
- Christ as Son of God
- Jesus = superior to Moses
- Jesus = superior to Priests
- Jesus always lives and is always path to God
- Jesus' sacrifice is eternal
- NT sacrifice cleanses inner sin
- OT sacrifice covers sin to avoid wrath of God
179
What does Jesus, as High Priest, allow access to?
the Holy of Holies based on scripture
180
What general letter immediately calls out discrimination by wealth?
James
181
What are some topics emphasized in the general letter James?
- speaking in tongues
- relationship of faith and works
- tricks and temptations
182
Which general letter contains the most parallels to Jewish (jesuit) sayings?
James
183
How and when did James (author, Jesus's bro) die?
stoning in Jerusalem, 62AD
184
What is the view in James on actions and faith?
you need both
- actions w/o faith = useless
- faith w/o actions = useless
185
How is James's view on actions and faith different from Paul's view?
different by
- definition
- emphasis
186
What does Paul specify aren't saviors in regards to actions and faith?
"works of the law"
Paul means work within faith.
