Unit 3 List 1 DNA and Heredity Flashcards
cellular division
mitosis and meiosis.
egg cell
a female reproductive cell that fuses with sperm in the process of fertilization.
epigenetic
the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.
fertilization
the union of two gametes.
genome
the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell.
Inherited traits
a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.
Multicellular organism
an organism composed of many cells.
Sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
sperm cell
The male reproductive cell.
autosomal
any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes.
complete dominance
a condition wherein the allele regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive.
dihybrid cross
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
F1 (first filial)
first generation of offspring
F2 (second filial)
Result of two F1’s crossing.
genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
genotypic ratio
the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross.
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant
incomplete dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
Monohybrid cross
A monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest.
P (parental)
the parental generation.
Phenotype
an individual’s observable traits
phenotypic ratio
a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.
polygenic inheritance
the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes.
