Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

A trinucleotide sequence that is located at one end of tRNA.

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

The basic functional units of an organism.

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

The process of cells becoming more specialized.

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

A three-letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA.

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 10

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 10

A molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual.

Question 11

deoxyribose

Answer 11

Asugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 4 oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA.

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum
(smooth and rough)

Answer 13

A network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm.

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds.

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A type of RNA found in cells.

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 23

nucleic acid

Answer 23

Large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

Question 24

nucleotide

Answer 24

The basic building block of nucleic acids.

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

Question 27

phosphate group

Answer 27

A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

A chain of amino acids linked together by covalent bonds.

Question 29

protein synthesis

Answer 29

The process that cells use to create proteins.

Question 30

ribose

Answer 30

A sugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 5 oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of RNA

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

A tiny part of a cell with the specific job of making protein.

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

A molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

Part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell.

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

A sequence of 3 consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 35

stop codon

Answer 35

Mark the end of the protein and where translation needs to end.

Question 36

thymine

Answer 36

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.

Question 37

transcription

Answer 37

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence.

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

A small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

Question 40

uracil

Answer 40

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

Question 41

vesicle

Answer 41

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.