Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 2

Amino acid

Answer 2

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

A trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.

Question 4

Cell types

Answer 4

Cell types are the basic functional units of an organism.

Question 5

Cell differentiation

Answer 5

The process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body.

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 10

Deoxyribose

Answer 10

A sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.

Question 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 11

The molecule that carries genetic information.

Question 12

Double helix

Answer 12

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

Answer 13

A network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm.

Question 17

Guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 18

Nitrogenous base

Answer 18

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

Question 19

Hydrogen bond

Answer 19

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds.

Question 20

mRNA

Answer 20

mRNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins.

Question 21

Mutation

Answer 21

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

Question 22

Nuclear membrane

Answer 22

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 23

Nucleic acid

Answer 23

Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

A building block for nucleic acids.

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

The central part of an atom, usually made up of protons and neutrons.

Question 25

Peptide bond

Answer 25

A chemical bond by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.

Question 26

Phosphate group

Answer 26

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

Question 27

Polypeptides

Answer 27

A single linear chain of many amino acids held together by amide bonds.

Question 28

Protein synthesis

Answer 28

The process that cells use to create proteins.

Question 29

Ribose

Answer 29

An organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.

Question 30

Ribosome

Answer 30

A structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins.

Question 31

RNA

Answer 31

A nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA. However, RNA is single-stranded.

Question 32

rRNA

Answer 32

Ribosomal RNA is part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell.

Question 33

Start codon

Answer 33

The first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.

Question 34

Stop codon

Answer 34

A codon that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

Question 35

Thymine

Answer 35

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.

Question 36

Transcription

Answer 36

The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

Question 37

Translation

Answer 37

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 38

tRNA

Answer 38

A small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

Question 39

Uracil

Answer 39

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

Question 40

Vesicle

Answer 40

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.