Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity (LD)

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

a triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.

Question 4

Cell Types

Answer 4

eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region

Question 5

Cell Differentiation

Answer 5

The process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body.

Question 6

Chromsone

Answer 6

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

a pyrimidine base C4H5N3O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA.

Question 10

Deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule.

Question 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 12

Double Helix

Answer 12

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough)

Answer 13

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein.

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 16

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 16

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm (gel-like fluid).

Question 17

Guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 18

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 18

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom.

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A type of RNA found in cells. Messenger RNA

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

Question 21

NItrgoenous base

Answer 21

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

Question 22

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 22

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

Question 23

Nucleic Acid

Answer 23

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 26

Peptide Bond

Answer 26

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).

Question 27

Phosphate Group

Answer 27

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

Question 28

Polypeptides

Answer 28

a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 29

Protein Synthesis

Answer 29

the process that cells use to create proteins.

Question 30

Ribose

Answer 30

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.

Question 31

Ribosome

Answer 31

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins.

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid

Question 34

Start Codon

Answer 34

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.

Question 35

Stop Codon

Answer 35

a sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 36

Thymine

Answer 36

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.

Question 37

Transcription

Answer 37

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

Question 38

Translation

Answer 38

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

Question 40

Uracil

Answer 40

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA.

Question 41

Vesicle

Answer 41

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.