Unit 3 List 1 Macromolecules

Question 1

Macromolecule

Answer 1

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.

Question 2

Organic

Answer 2

relating to or derived from living matter.

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues.

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Question 7

Fatty acids

Answer 7

a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils.

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.

Question 9

Amino acids

Answer 9

the fundamental molecule that serves as the building block for proteins.

Question 10

Enzymes

Answer 10

biological catalysts, typically proteins, that accelerate chemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed in the process.

Question 11

Catalyst

Answer 11

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Question 12

Nucleic acids

Answer 12

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 14

Hormone

Answer 14

a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Question 15

Steroids

Answer 15

any of a class of natural or synthetic organic compounds characterized by a molecular structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings.

Question 16

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 16

occurs when two molecules are joined by removing water

Question 17

Hydrolysis

Answer 17

a chemical reaction where a molecule is broken down by the addition of water