Unit 3 Managing and Protecting Natural Resources and Biodiversity

Question 1

Topography

Answer 1

Shapes how the global patterns of the ocean and wind circulate drive Canada’s climate.

Question 2

Ecozones

Answer 2

The terrestrial ecozones are often grouped into biomes: landscapes of reasonably similar climates, plants, and animals. Most researchers identify seven Canadian biomes: (1) the west coast forest, (2) the Cordilleran, (3) grasslands, (4) boreal forest, (5) taiga, (6) tundra, and (7) deciduous and mixed wood forests

Question 3

Ecoregions

Answer 3

A smaller unit of an ecozone comprising similar ecosytems.

Question 4

Biomes

Answer 4

Terrestrial regions of the world with similar climate, plants, and animals.

Question 5

Ecotones

Answer 5

Zones between two distinct ecosystems

Question 6

general amending formula

Answer 6

The standard 7 + 50 approach to amending the Canadian Constitution—used unless another formula is specified. See also unanimous amending formula.

Question 7

unanimous amending formula

Answer 7

The amending formula used when the constitutional change is considered beyond that of 7 + 50; for example, Meech Lake. See also general amending formula.

Question 8

navigable water

Answer 8

Originally any body of water in Canada large enough for a canoe or kayak. It was redefined by the 2012 federal omnibus budget bill as our 3 oceans, a set of 97 lakes, and 62 rivers.

Question 9

Royalties

Answer 9

Compensation to the owner of a natural resource for the use of the resource

Question 10

Stochastic

Answer 10

Random; in stochastic modeling, the distribution of probabilities is random.

Question 11

stewardship

Answer 11

Responsible use and protection of the natural environment through conservation, rehabilitation, and generally sustainable practices

Question 12

traditional ecological knowledge

Answer 12

provides a data-driven summary of the state of sustainability around the world. Using 40 performance indicators across 11 issue categories, the EPI ranks 180 countries on climate change performance, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality.

Question 13

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

Answer 13

The environmental costs of disposing of a product—e.g., collecting, sorting, and recycling—are incorporated into a product’s production costs. See also performance-based regulation.

Question 14

civic ecology

Answer 14

local environmental stewardship actions taken to enhance the green infrastructure and community well-being of urban and other human-dominated systems

Question 15

environmental performance indicator

Answer 15

Under the category of biodiversity and habitat, the EPI (2014) considers four indicators: national biome protection, global biome protection, marine protected areas, and critical habitat protection

Question 16

species diversity

Answer 16

Comprised of two elements: species richness or the number of species in a particular habitat and species evenness or the relative abundances of those species. See also ecological diversity.

Question 17

genetic diversity

Answer 17

The numbers of alleles within a single species

Question 18

ecological diversity

Answer 18

The variety of ecosystems found in a particular geographic region. See also species diversity.

Question 19

functional diversity

Answer 19

See community assembly

Question 20

structural diversity

Answer 20

The role of the physical attributes of a system to the distribution and/or abundances of species

Question 21

rank abundance

Answer 21

A measure of species evenness—the proportion of the total number of species represented by each species. See also species diversity.

Question 22

genetic bottleneck

Answer 22

The sudden reduction in a population that reduces the genetic diversity available for population renewal.

Question 23

island biogeography

Answer 23

A theory that postulates how area and rates of immigration, emigration, and extinction explain species diversity.

Question 24

extirpated

Answer 24

The loss of a species from a specific geographic location. See also extinction

Question 25

in-situ conservation

Answer 25

the conservation of a species in its natural habitat and the maintenance and recovery of viable population of species in their original place.

Question 26

ex-situ conservation

Answer 26

technique of conservation of all levels of biological diversity outside their natural habitats through different techniques like zoo, captive breeding, aquarium, botanical garden, and gene bank

Question 27

feral species

Answer 27

those that have been established from intentional or accidental release of domestic stock that results in a self- sustaining population(s), such as feral horses (Equus ferus), feral cats (Felis catus), or feral swine (wild pig, Sus scrofa) in North America.