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medical terminology > unit 3 (muscular system) - medical vocabulary > Flashcards

unit 3 (muscular system) - medical vocabulary Flashcards

(125 cards)

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1
Q

abdominal muscles

A

the muscles between the ribs and the pubic bone that flex and rotate the trunk

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2
Q

abduction

A

movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

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3
Q

adduction

A

movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

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4
Q

adhesion

A

normally, the formation of a fibrous band of tissue that holds two parts or surfaces together, as in the healing of a wound
disease -> formation of fibrous tissue that holds two surfaces together due to inflammation or trauma

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5
Q

agonist

A

the muscle that causes the primary movement in a muscle pair

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6
Q

analgesic

A

a drug that relieves pain - nonprescription (aspirin) and prescription (hydrocodone)

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7
Q

antagonist

A

the muscle that works against the movement of the agonist in a muscle pair

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8
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

a drug that reduces inflammation

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9
Q

anticholinergic

A

a drug prescribed to suppress smooth-muscle contractions of the bladder, stomach, or intestine

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10
Q

antispasmodic

A

a drug prescribed to suppress smooth-muscle contractions of the bladder, stomach, or intestine

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11
Q

ataxia

A

inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity; characterized by shaky, unsteady movements

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12
Q

atrophy

A

wasting away or shrinking of muscle size

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13
Q

automaticity

A

the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to resume their resting length when a stretching force is removed

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14
Q

biceps brachii

A

the muscle of the anterior upper arm that flexes the arm and forearm and supinates (rotates) the hand

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15
Q

biceps femoris

A

hamstring; the muscle of the posterior thigh that extends the thigh and flexes and rotates the leg

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16
Q

biopsy

A

the removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination

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17
Q

cardiac muscle

A

myocardial muscle; a type of voluntary muscle found only in the heart; pumps blood from the heart into blood vessels

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18
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

disorder marked by pain, burning, and itching or tingling due to an inflamed median nerve and tendons in the wrist

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19
Q

certified fitness trainer (CFT)

A

a professional who serves as a leader and instructor in exercise programs and helps people achieve and maintain a healthful lifestyle

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20
Q

circumduction

A

rotation of an arm or leg (drawing a circle with limb) - occurs in multiple body planes

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21
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

a process in which radiographic images of a specific section of the body are taken from multiple angles and then analyzed by a computer to identify injury or disease

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22
Q

computerized axial tomography (CAT)

A

process in which radiographic images of a specific section of the body are taken from multiple angles

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23
Q

contractility

A

the ability of a skeletal muscle to contract (shorten)

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24
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia

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25
deep tendon reflexes (DTRs)
evaluation of involuntary muscular responses with a reflex hammer
26
deltoid
the muscle of the external shoulder that abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates the arm
27
depression
lowering of a body part
28
dorsiflexion
movement of the sole of the foot upward (flexed toward the lower leg)
29
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
progressive disease that weakens the muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdle
30
dystaxia
a mild form of ataxia (lack of muscular coordination that produces shaky, unsteady movements)
31
elasticity
the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to resume their resting length when a stretching force is removed
32
electromyogram (EMG)
a graphic recording of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation
33
elevation
raising of a body part
34
endomysium
a fine sheath of areolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber; the innermost layer of connective tissue around a muscle
35
epimysium
a dense, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle; the outermost layer of connective tissue around a muscle
36
eversion
the turning outward of the sole of the foot
37
excitability
irritability; the ability of a skeletal muscle to receive and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting
38
exercise physiologist
a healthcare professional who performs exercise stress tests and evaluates a person's physical condition, focusing on cardiovascular health and metabolism
39
extensibility
the ability of the skeletal muscles to be stretched
40
extension
the straightening of a limb after it has been flexed
41
fascia
fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles into functional groups and envelops other structures in the body
42
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
43
flaccidity
condition or state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or defective or absent tone
44
flexion
the movement of two body surfaces toward each other, as in the act of bending
45
frontalis
the muscle of the forehead that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
46
gastrocnemius
the prominent muscle of the posterior calf that flexes the foot and leg
47
gluteus maximus
the outer muscle of the buttocks that extends and rotates the thigh
48
gluteus medius
the medial muscles of the buttocks that adducts and rotates the thigh
49
goniometry
the measurement of range of motion in a joint
50
hemiparesis
weakness or slight paralysis on one side of the body
51
hemiplegia
total paralysis on one side of the body
52
hyperextension
the act of bending a joint or limb beyond normal extension or range of motion
53
hypertrophy
excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle
54
hypotonia
loss of muscle tone
55
impingement syndrome
condition that occurs when tendons of the shoulder being impinged, or compressed, by the bones of the shoulder
56
insertion
the attachment side of a muscle that moves during muscular contraction
57
inversion
the turning inward of the sole of the foot
58
involuntary muscles
muscles that are not stimulated to move through conscious control
59
lateral (external) rotation
rotational movement laterally, or away from the midline
60
latissimus dorsi
the muscle of the midback and lower spine that extends, adducts, and rotates the arm
61
leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth muscle, such as that found in the heart, bladder, or uterus
62
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth muscle
63
ligament
a fibrous cord of tissue that attaches bone to bone
64
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a noninvasive scanning test that involves use of an electromagnetic field and radio waves to visualize soft-tissue structures
65
medial (internal) rotation
rotational movement medially, or toward the midline of the body
66
muscle
a type of body tissue made up of bundles of fibers (long, slender cells) that are held together by connective tissue; contracts, causing body movements, when stimulated
67
muscle fibers
long, slender cells grouped and held together with connective tissue and covered with fascia; make up skeletal muscles
68
muscular dystrophy (MD)
genetic disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness and skeletal muscle deterioration
69
myalgia
muscle pain
70
myasthenia gravis
chronic autoimmune disease characterized by voluntary muscle weakness that worsens after activity and improves after rest
71
myocele
herniation or protrusion of muscle through a tear in the fascia
72
myodynia
muscle pain
73
myolysis
degeneration or deterioration of muscle tissue
74
myoma
tumor of the muscle
75
myomalacia
abnormal softening of the muscle tissue
76
myoparesis
weakness or mild muscular paralysis
77
myoplasty
surgical repair of a muscle through plastic surgery
78
myorrhexis
rupture or tearing of a muscle
79
myositis
inflammation of a muscle
80
narcotic
a drug that, in moderate doses, depresses the central nervous system, relieves pain, and induces sleep
81
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
a group of drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties; do not contain steroids
82
nuclear medicine imaging (NMI)
diagnostic imaging technique in which a radioactive substance and a special camera are used to visualize structures and functions in the body
83
origin
the attachment site of a muscle that does not move when the muscle contracts
84
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and, often, the lower trunk
85
paresthesia
abnormal sensation that typically is not painful, such as tingling, numbness, itching, prickling, or burning
86
pectoralis major
the muscle of the chest that flexes, adducts, and rotates the arm
87
perimysium
a sheath of connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles
88
physical therapy
treatment to rehabilitate a patient by illness or injury
89
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia (the thick band of tissue in the sole of the foot between the heel bone and the toes) resulting in heel pain
90
plantar flexion
motion of the plantar surface (sole of the foot) away from the midline of the body
91
pronation
rotational movement of the forearm in which the palm moves to face downward
92
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
93
radiography
diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic waves to create images inside of the body
94
range-of-motion (ROM) testing
diagnostic procedure performed to evaluate the extent to which joints can be moved in a variety of directions
95
range-of-motion (ROM) therapy
exercises performed to improve or maintain joint mobility and flexibility
96
rectus femoris
quadricep; the muscle of the anterior thigh that flexes the thigh and extends the leg
97
rhabdomyoma
benign tumor consisting of striated muscle that occurs on or in the smooth muscle of the heart
98
rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)
malignant tumor of skeletal muscle
99
RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation; most common first-aid treatment for muscular injuries
100
rigidity
stiffness that occurs in dead bodies due to chemical changes in the muscles
101
rigor
stiffness that occurs in dead bodies due to chemical changes in the muscles
102
rotation
movement of a body part around its longitudinal axis (lengthwise)
103
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass, strength, and function as a result of aging
104
sartorius
the muscle of the anterior thigh that flexes and rotates the thigh and flexes the leg
105
shin splint
painful condition caused by muscle tearing away from the tibia
106
skeletal muscle
striated muscle; voluntary muscle that is attached to bone and can be contracted or relaxed through conscious control
107
smooth muscle
visceral muscle; a type of involuntary muscle that surrounds internal organs and contracts and relaxes to move contents through body system passageways
108
sonography
diagnostic imaging method involving the use of high-frequency sound waves to generate images of structures in the body
109
spasm
involuntary sudden movement or convulsive muscular contraction
110
sports medicine physician
a healthcare worker who treats and prevents sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles
111
sprain
the stretching or tearing of a ligament, which connects bone to bone
112
strain
the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon, the latter of which connects muscle to bone; also called a pulled muscle or pulled tendon
113
supination
rotational movement of the forearm in which the palm moves to face upward
114
tenalgia
pain in the tendon
115
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
116
tendon
a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
117
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
118
tenodynia
pain in the tendon
119
tenotomy
incision to the tendon, usually to repair a deformity caused by a shortened muscle
120
tetany
a state of sustained muscular contraction
121
tibialis anterior
the muscle of the anterior lower leg that dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
122
trapezius
the muscle of the upper back and neck that extends the neck and elevates, adducts, and rotates the scapula
123
tremor
an involuntary, repetitive shaking or quivering of a part or parts of the body
124
triceps brachii
the muscle of the posterior upper arm that extends the forearm
125
voluntary muscles
muscles that are stimulated to move through conscious control

medical terminology (27 decks)

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