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Government > Unit 3 - Political Parties > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

political parties

A

a group of people with broad common interests who organize to win elections, control gov’t, and make public policy

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2
Q

public policy

A

rules everyone must follow

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3
Q

types of political parties

A

one party, two party, mutiparty

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4
Q

one party system

A
  • where the gov’t is the party
  • they set the policies
  • usually appears in authoritarian or theocratic gov’ts
  • ex: China
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5
Q

authoritarian

A

(not necessarily always one party)one or a few people control a gov’t by force
ex: Cuba

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6
Q

theocratic

A

(not necessarily one party) religion and gov’t are mixed

ex: Iran, Vadican, Israel

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7
Q

two party system

A

where only two major parties compete for control

ex: US

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8
Q

multiparty system

A
  • where three or more major parties compete for control
  • usally must form a coalition to survive
  • ex: Germany
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9
Q

coalition

A

two or three parties working together to get over 50% of the vote

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10
Q

types of minor parties

A

single issue, ideological party, splinter party

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11
Q

third party

A

any other pary other than the major two

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12
Q

single issue

A
  • focus on one major issue
  • disappears when two major parties take issue
  • ex: free soil (abolish-end slavery)
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13
Q

ideological party

A
  • focus on a major change in society

- libertarian, socialist, communist

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14
Q

libertarian

A

spend little gov’t money

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15
Q

splinter party

A
  • when one part on a major party breaks off over an issue
  • ex: 1912– Progressive Party (Teddy Roosevelt)
  • usually split the vote of one party causing the other party to win
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16
Q

why third parties fail…

A
  • name recognition (unknown)
  • finances (not enough money)
  • regional support (not national)
  • belief in winnability (none)
  • single member districts
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17
Q

ways of choosing party candidates

A

petition, caucus, nominating convention, direct primary system

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18
Q

petition

A

when a person gets enough signatures to get on the ballot

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19
Q

caucus

A

a private meeting of party leaders to select the candidate

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20
Q

nominating convention

A

meeting of pary members to choose a candidate

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21
Q

direct primary system

A

when the people directly choose the candidates

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22
Q

types of primaries

A

closed primary and open primary

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23
Q

closed primary

A

when member of a political party choose a candidate (ohio follows)

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24
Q

open primary

A

when anyone can choose the candidate

25
Q

plurality

A

when a winner only needs more votes than anyone else to win

26
Q

runoff election

A

if no one receives a majority of the votes, the two top candidates compete in a second election

27
Q

platform

A

list of political party’s beliefs/positions on issues

28
Q

plank

A

position on an issue

29
Q

goals of political parties

A
  • win elections
  • control gov’t
  • make public policy
30
Q

suffrage

A

the right to vote (at the base of all democracies)

31
Q

list of early limitations on voting

A
  • religion
  • property ownership
  • age
  • sex
  • race
32
Q

religion

A
  • gone by the 1830’s

- went away due to the 1st Amend. interpretation

33
Q

property ownership

A
  • gone by the 1830’s

- went away due to urbanization during the Industrial Revolution

34
Q

sex

A

-went away because the 19th Amend. gave women the right to vote in 1920

35
Q

age

A
  • went away due to the 26 Amend. in 1971
    • lowered the age in state and federal elections to 18 for all registered voters (reaction to the Vietnam War– if you had to die for your country at 18, you should also be able to vote)
36
Q

race

A
  • Grandfather Clause
  • literacy test
  • poll tax
  • 13 Amend – banned slavery
37
Q

literacy test

A

test used for qualifications to vote

38
Q

poll tax

A

amount of money paid to be allowed to vote

39
Q

grandfather clause

A

anyone who’s grandfather voted before 1867 was elligible to vote without paying a tax or passing a test (white people!!!)

40
Q

13 Amendment

A

banned slavery

41
Q

14 Amendment

A

equal protection, due process of law, and citizenship

42
Q

15 Amendment

A

right to vote

43
Q

24 Amendment

A

banned poll tax

44
Q

26 Amendment

A

(1971) lowered the age in state and federal elections to 18 for all registered voters

45
Q

19 Amendment

A

(1920) gave women the right to vote

46
Q

precinct

A

a voting district ranging in size from just a few voters to more than 1,000 voters

47
Q

ward

A

a large district comprised of several adjoining precincts

48
Q

function of political parties

A

1) recruit candidates (select good candidates for public approval)
2) educate the public (present positions on important issues)
3) operate the gov’t (run and staff it; usually one has control at a time)
4) dispense patronage (do favors for supporters)
5) loyal opposition (when not in power, keeps the other party in check)
6) reduction of conflict (encourage groups to compromise and work together; peaceful power shifts)

49
Q

direct primary

A

an election in which party members select people to run in the general election (either closed or open)

50
Q

closed primary

A

only members of a political party can vote (ex: dem. pick dem and rep. pick rep)

51
Q

open primary

A

all voters may participate, even if they do not belong to the party, but they can vote in only one party’s primary.

52
Q

ticket

A

candidates for president and vice president

53
Q

cross-pressured voter

A

one who is caught b/t conflicting elements in his/her own life such as religion, income level, and peer group
ex: a wealthy catholic – catholics usually vote democratic and big business people usually vote republican

54
Q

weak party voter

A

those that are more likley to switch their votes to the rival pary’s candidate from time to time; more influenced by the issues and candidate rather than pary loyalty

55
Q

strong party voter

A

those who select their pary candidates in election after election. They tend to see the party as more important than the issues or candidates. They usually vote a straight-pary ticket

56
Q

straight-party ticket

A

selection of candidates from own party only

57
Q

regular voter

A

citizens who vote regularly and have general positive attitudes toward gov’t and citizenship; the more education a citizen has the more likely they are to vote; middle aged people and high incomes also increase likeness to vote

58
Q

three requirements to be able to vote in US

A

1) citizenship
2) residency
3) registration

59
Q

suggested ways to increase voter turnout

A
  • shift election day from tuesday to sunday
  • allow voters to register on election day
  • use a national registration system so that voters’ registration can follow them to a new state when they move

Government (6 decks)

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