Unit 3 Population Genetics

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

change in allele frequency overtime

Question 2

Hardy Weinberg principle

Answer 2

Conditions for no change in allele frequencies between generations
1) Population is large
2) Mates are chosen randomly
3) No mutations
4) No migrations
5) No natural selection against any of the phenotypes

Question 3

Allele frequency

Answer 3

P + q =1

Question 4

Allele frequency

Answer 4

P + q =1

Question 5

Gene frequency

Answer 5

P^2 + 2pq + q^2 =1

Question 6

Gene flow

Answer 6

Movement of alleles from one populations to another due to migration

Question 7

Preferred phenotypes

Answer 7

Fittest pass on their genes

Question 8

Preferred phenotypes

Answer 8

Fittest pass on their genes

Question 9

Inbreeding

Answer 9

Increases frequency of homozygous genotypes, can also allow plants to reproduce even when isolated form one another

Question 10

Genetic Drift

Answer 10

Change in allele frequencies due to chance events in a small breeding population

Question 11

Founder effect

Answer 11

Few individuals from a population start a new population with different allele frequency than the original population

Question 12

Founder effect

Answer 12

Few individuals from a population start a new population with different allele frequency than the original population

Question 13

Bottleneck effect

Answer 13

Quick reduction in population (starvation, disease etc.) resulting in surviving individuals producing less variation among offspring due to limited alleles

Question 14

Natural selection

Answer 14

Some individuals are better able to survive than others; offspring carry the successful genes

Question 15

Natural selection

Answer 15

Some individuals are better able to survive than others; offspring carry the successful genes

Question 16

Directional selection

Answer 16

Selection against one extreme ie. peppered moths

Question 17

Directional selection

Answer 17

Selection against one extreme ie. peppered moths

Question 18

Change in population

Answer 18

[natality + immigration] - [morality + emigration]

Question 19

Change in population

Answer 19

[natality + immigration] - [morality + emigration]

Question 20

Growth rate

Answer 20

Change in N/ Change in T

Question 21

Per capita growth rate

Answer 21

Average growth rate per individual
Cgr = change in N/N

Question 22

Population Density

Answer 22

Number of organisms per unit area/volume
Dp = N/A

Question 23

Biotic potential

Answer 23

Max # of offspring that can be produced in ideal conditions

Question 24

Environmental resistance

Answer 24

All factors that limit population growth

Question 25

Carrying capacity

Answer 25

Max population size of species that environment can sustain given the resources available in the environment

Question 26

Intraspecific competitions

Answer 26

Competition BETWEEN same species for limited resources (density dependant)

Question 27

Interspecific competition

Answer 27

Competition between different species for same resources

Question 28

Gauges principle of competitive exclusion

Answer 28

No two species can occupy the same niche

Question 29

What does predation lead to

Answer 29

Coevolution

Question 30

Relationship

Answer 30

+ and +

Question 31

Commensalism

Answer 31

+ and o

Question 32

Parasitism

Answer 32

+ and -

Question 33

Mimicry

Answer 33

Developing similar colour patterns, shapes or behaviours

Question 34

Batesian

Answer 34

Non harmful mimics harmful

Question 35

Mullerian

Answer 35

Both harmful, look similar

Question 36

Mullerian

Answer 36

Both harmful, look similar

Question 37

Primary succession

Answer 37

No existing soil

Question 38

Primary succession

Answer 38

No existing soil

Question 39

Secondary succession

Answer 39

Recolonization of area