Unit 3: Protein Synthesis Flashcards
(14 cards)
Nucleotide
Monomers that make up DNA (Made up of phosphate, sugar, and base)
Base Pairing (DNA)
adenine + thymine
guanine + cytosine
Pyrimidine
One of two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (One ring)
Purine
One of two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (Two rings)
Transcription
Transcription converts one DNA strand sequence into one mRNA sequence.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A form of RNA that copies a strand of DNA and is read by tRNA.
Translation
Translation is when tRNA translates mRNA and attaches an anticodon to the correct codon.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
It forms amino acids into polypeptide chains guides them to the correct anticodon.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Links amino acids to mRNA via attaching anticodons to the mRNA (The weird one)
Codon
A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.
Anticodon
A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon, carried by tRNA
Point Mutation
a mutation in which one nucleotide is changed via substitution, insertion, or deletion.
Frameshift Mutation
the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
Substitution Mutation
a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.
