Unit 3: Proteins and Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymatic Proteins

Answer 1

Catalyzes (speeds up) reactions

Question 2

Defensive Proteins

Answer 2

Antibodies that destroy viruses

Question 3

Storage Proteins

Answer 3

Store Amino Acids (ex: casein in milk)

Question 4

Transport Proteins

Answer 4

Proteins that transport O2 and other molecules

Question 5

Amino Acid Formulas

Answer 5

R group, Amino group, and Carboxyl group

Question 6

Amino acid polymer

Answer 6

polypeptides

Question 7

peptide bond

Answer 7

the covalent bond that attached polypeptides together

Question 8

Primary Structure

Answer 8

sequence of amino acids

Question 8

Primary Structure

Answer 8

sequence of amino acids

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

stabilization using hydrogen bonds
α helix and β pleated sheet

Question 10

Tertiary Structure

Answer 10

3D shapes stabilized by side chain interactions

Question 11

Quaternary Structure

Answer 11

interactions between polypeptides

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

greater to lesser concentration
no membrane involved

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

Moving water molecules from greater to lesser concentration through semi-permeable membranes

Question 14

Semi-permeable membrane

Answer 14

small, non-polar molecules can go through

Question 15

Passive transport

Answer 15

transport that does not require energy.
uses concentration gradient

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

requires ATP. goes against concentration gradient.

Question 17

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 17

equal concentration of molecules throughout the cell and outside the cell.

Question 18

Facilitative diffusion

Answer 18

passive transport aided by channel and carrier proteins

Question 19

Carrier proteins

Answer 19

shape change that translocates the solute binding site across the membrane

Question 20

ATP

Answer 20

energy form: adenosine tri-phosphate

Question 21

Membrane potential

Answer 21

the voltage across a membrane

Question 22

Proton pump

Answer 22

actively transports H+ OUT of the cell

Question 23

Cotatransport

Answer 23

couples the downhill diffusion of solute to uphill transport against concentration gradient

Question 24

Active Site

Answer 24

The location where a substrate and an enzyme react

Question 25

Substrate

Answer 25

the molecule upon which the enzyme acts (ex: H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide)

Question 26

Pepsin

Answer 26

Enzyme in stomach that breaks down peptide bonds

Question 27

Lock and Key Model

Answer 27

Enzyme and Substrate

Question 28

Induced Fit (Hand and Glove)

Answer 28

Substrate and Enzyme

Question 29

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 29

Fits into and blocks active site

Question 30

Non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 30

Folds protein over active site by attaching to side of protein