Unit 3 Providing Patient Nursing Care (Pt. 1)

Question 1

Chain of Infection

Answer 1

the process resulting in an infection

Question 2

What are the 6 parts of the chain of infection?

Answer 2

infectious agent 
source
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry 
susceptible host

Question 3

Considerations for chain of infection

Answer 3

the presence of a pathogen does not mean an infection will begin
the pathway must be intact for an infection to occur

Question 4

defenses against infection

Answer 4

normal flora
inflammation
immune response

Question 5

What is normal flora?

Answer 5

the body’s own microorganism

Question 6

Where is normal flora found?

Answer 6

saliva, intestines, skin, oral mucosa

Question 7

What is an immune response?

Answer 7

antigen created when an exposure happens

antibodies are created

Question 8

What is a healthcare acquired infection?

Answer 8

development of an infection while in the hospital

Question 9

What are examples of healthcare acquired infection?

Answer 9

CLABSIs
CAUTIs
SSIs
IVACs

Question 10

What does CLABSIs stand for?

Answer 10

central line associated bloodstream infections

Question 11

What does CAUTIs stand for?

Answer 11

Catheter associated UTIs

Question 12

What does SSIs stand for?

Answer 12

surgical site infection

Question 13

What does IVACs stand for?

Answer 13

Ventilator associated infections

Question 14

What are the causes of healthcare acquired infection?

Answer 14

lower resistance (body is already trying to heal from something)
failure to follow sterility

Question 15

How do you prevent healthcare acquired infection?

Answer 15

Medical asepsis

surgical asepsis

Question 16

What has influenced the recent decline in healthcare acquired infections?

Answer 16

the affordable care act making hospitals responsible for the costs associated with care that comes with healthcare acquired infections

Question 17

What is the oldest, most basic, and most effective technique in preventing and controlling the transmission of infection?

Answer 17

hand hygiene

Question 18

What are the hand hygiene methods used in hospitals?

Answer 18

soap & water

antiseptic hand rub

Question 19

When would you not use antiseptic foam?

Answer 19

when hands are visibly soiled or when caring for a patient with a spore-forming organism (C-Diff)

Question 20

What are the two types of precaution?

Answer 20

standard precaution

transmission-based precaution

Question 21

what is standard based precaution?

Answer 21

assume all clients are infectious and use on all clients
decreases risk of transmission from blood-borne pathogens and other body fluids
protects against both undiagnosed and identified infections

Question 22

What some of the requirements of standard precaution?

Answer 22

wear clean gloves
perform hand washing immediately
wear mask, eye-protection, face-shield, cover gown

Question 23

What is transmission-based precaution?

Answer 23

use is determined based on how the organism is transmitted from the client

Question 24

What are the types of transmission-based precaution?

Answer 24

airborne
droplet
contact

Question 25

transmission-based precaution used to protect against microorganisms transmitted by small-particle droplets that can remain suspended and become widely dispersed by air currents

Answer 25

airborne

Question 26

transmission-based precaution used for microorganisms transmitted by larger-particle droplets, which disperse 3 feet from the patient while coughing, talking, or sneezing

Answer 26

droplet

Question 27

transmission-based precaution used with pathogens that can be transmitted by hands or skin-to-skin contact

Answer 27

contact

Question 28

what precaution would you take for airborne precaution?

Answer 28

respirator | N-95

Question 29

what precaution would you take for droplet precaution?

Answer 29

regular mask

Question 30

What precaution would you take for contact precaution?

Answer 30

PPE | gloves, gown, mask

Question 31

In what order do you don PPE?

Answer 31

gown mask eyewear gloves

Question 32

In what order do you doff PPE?

Answer 32

``` gloves eyewear mask gown (whatever is dirtiest goes first) ```

Question 33

Define Pressure Ulcer

Answer 33

impairment of the skin or tissue as a result of pressure

Question 34

Where can pressure ulcers be found?

Answer 34

usually localized on a boney prominence | buttocks, elbow, heals, shoulder, back of head, ear, ribcage, hips (depends on how they sit/lay)

Question 35

What are some risk factors that increase the likelihood that you will get a pressure ulcer?

Answer 35

``` immobility poor nutrition excessive skin moisture decrease in sensory perception advanced age shear friction ```

Question 36

What is the number 1 risk factor for a pressure ulcer & why?

Answer 36

immobility | because there is constant pressure on boney prominences because they are unable to move themselves

Question 37

What is shear?

Answer 37

tissue damaging force that occurs when tissue layers move on each other, causing blood vessels in subcutaneous tissue to stretch and become damaged

Question 38

Why is poor nutrition a pressure ulcer a risk factor?

Answer 38

if someone doesn't have the right about of nutrients in their diet they will not be able to heal correctly

Question 39

what is an infectious agent

Answer 39

``` bacteria fungus virus parasites pyrons ```

Question 40

What is a source in regard to the chain of infection?

Answer 40

where we keep infectious agent | water, people, animals, inanimate objects

Question 41

what is fomite transmissible

Answer 41

can or cannot live on inanimate objects

Question 42

portal of exit

Answer 42

how it leaves the host

Question 43

What are examples of the portal of exit

Answer 43

sputum emesis (vomit) stool blood

Question 44

mode of transmission

Answer 44

how you pick it up | ate it, table, vector (mosquito)

Question 45

what are negative pressure rooms used for? and how do you use them?

Answer 45

TB anti-chambers, walk in door, close door, put on PPE, go in the room air is not circulated outside of negative pressure rooms

Question 46

portal of entry is

Answer 46

``` mucus membranes non-intact skin (dry hands that crack) GI tract GU tract respiratory tract ```

Question 47

who are susceptible hosts

Answer 47

``` immunosuppressed elderly people chronically ill trauma patients surgical patients ```

Question 48

why are trauma and surgical patients at risk for infection?

Answer 48

cut open | body is busy working on healing wound

Question 49

What is inflammation?

Answer 49

it is a good thing | the body's response to infection or injury

Question 50

What triggers inflammation?

Answer 50

the entire immune system

Question 51

Why do we get inflammation?

Answer 51

the inflammatory response your body sending T cells/W cells why we get fevers, redness, edema