Unit 3 - Rise Of Hitler And Nazi Germany Flashcards
(21 cards)
1
Q
Features of the treaty of Versailles
A
- limits on military
- demilitarisation of the Rhineland
- Taking sole responsibility for World War I
- Anschluss, no more alliances with Austria or hungry
- 6.6 million in reparations
- Surrender, all colonies, and some land
2
Q
Opposition to the treaty of Versailles
A
- germans felt vulnerable with no army
- Huge economic impact
- Having to take sole responsibility
- they felt it was unfair, and betrayed by those who signed it
- Anschluss, other countries could form alliances why couldn’t they
- Loss of land, and some Germans are now living in different countries
3
Q
Characteristics of the Weimar Republic
A
- universal suffrage, anybody could vote
- Proportional representation democracy
- Article 48 president could take complete power while in crisis
- Letters telephone conversations were private
- Free speech
- Free practice of religion was guaranteed
4
Q
Spartacist revolution
A
- The aim was a workers revolt like Russia (they were communist)
- A general strike called by Spartacists, 500,000 take to streets
- Freikorps attack starting bloody week where 700 died
- The two main leaders (Rosa Luxembourg and Karl leibnecht) of the spartacists are executed and spartacists forced off streets
5
Q
The beer hall putsch
A
- Hitler storms a beer hall in Munich, where Bavarian leaders are having a meeting
- Hitler is joined by his ally, Ludendorff and force Bavarian leaders such as von kar to support him publicly. Then they take to streets.
- Ludendorff, let’s leaders go home where they called the police
- Hitler is shot and arrested
6
Q
Impact of hyperinflation
A
- money, the German mark became worthless
- Peoples life savings were wiped out
- People could not afford anything e.g. bread was 250 marks and then rose to 200,000 million marks
- in some cases, it allowed industrialists to pay back debts with worthless bank notes
7
Q
Impact of Wall Street crash/Great depression
A
- too many good and not enough people to buy them lead to shutdown of factories
- America, called back all the loans given to Germany, which killed the economy
- Government refused to print money in fear of hyperinflation
- Taxes were increased to gain money to the government and country, but public had no jobs due to the shutdown of factories or money to pay higher taxes
8
Q
Appeal of the Nazis
A
- appealed to racist Germans due to Nazi views on Jews, being the downfall of Germany
- Hitler’s promises
- Hitler himself
- The promise of ending the treaty of Versailles
- Nazi propaganda, e.g. radio, posters etc
- Discontent towards the Weimar
9
Q
Hitler’s rise to power
A
- Hitler’s promises
- Wall Street crash/great depression
- Hitlers public speaking
- Propaganda
- Discontent towards the Weimar
- Nazi and Hitler views on race and religion
10
Q
Impact of Reichstag fire
A
- A Communist was caught at scene with matches in pocket leading to people, disapproval of communists
- this allowed for the reichstag fire decree to be passed as an immediate response
- It was a legal basis for the imprisonment of anyone considered to be the opponents of the Nazis
- It also allowed to the suppression of any publications, not considered to be “friendly” to the Nazi cause
11
Q
Nazi consolidation of power
A
- Enabling act: gave Hitler total power to pass laws without the approval of the reichstag or president Hindenburg
- The Reichstag fire decree, which is a legal basis for the imprisonment of opponents to the Nazis
- President Hindenburg dies so Hitler declares himself president
- now, being head of the army, president, and chancellor, he makes all soldiers spinoff of loyalty to him
- Concordat: deal with the pope to that Hitler as long as Catholic churches remain untouched
- The night of the Long knives killing 400 SA leaders that are seen as a threat to Hitler
12
Q
Events of the night of the Long knives
A
- Hitler calls meeting of SA leaders in Bavaria
- Hitler killed many of his enemies, are those he thought were a threat
- 400 SA leaders were murdered
- those who were killed include leader of SA Ernst Röhm, former Chancellor von schlicher and von khar
13
Q
Events of Kristallnacht
A
- No major start was when German diplomat was shot dead by young Jewish man, Nazi used this as an excuse
- Many ordinary Germans and Hitler youth joined in when breaking and vandalising Jewish shops
- Police did not get involved unless German property was affected
- 91 Jews died during the attack
14
Q
Nazi control
A
- The Nuremberg laws, this band, marriage or relations between Germans and Jew, Nazis legally controlled relations
- Informers, strong local structures divided into blocks, wardens checking up on people, eyes and ears of the Nazi party
- They controlled police, courts and prisons
- Concentration camps
- the SS
- The gestapo
15
Q
Opposition to Nazis
A
- communist and socialist worker resistance, going on strike and post anti-Nazi posters
- George Elser plotted to kill Hitler bomb
- Swing youth 14 to 18-year-olds with my head American and British way of life and dance so non violently refused Nazi regime
- The Edelweiss pirates a group of 14 to 17-year-olds you left school early to avoid Hitler youth and help deserters in the Germany
- Joseph Faith clashed with Nazis, who tried to lure children away from Catholic beliefs
- Cardinal gallen attacked Nazi policies
16
Q
Attitude toward Jews
A
- Kristallnacht 9th to the 10th of November 1938
- German, propaganda encouraging attacks on Jews
- Nazis said just concentration camps for re education and hard labour
- Jewish books were burnt at mass, and it was made illegal to be in possession of said books
- boycotting Jewish businesses
- Nuremberg laws
- Religions such as Judaism were ground upon
17
Q
Describe Militarism in Nazi Germany
A
- Nazis wanted a militarist state, where the country was prepared for war at any time
- Conscription was introduced in 1935 for men under 25 and they had to carry out at least two years of service
- Hitler youth was used to develop survival and military skills for when they enter the army
- The Nuremberg rallies were huge military rallies to inspire people to join the army and support Germany
18
Q
Youth movements
A
- Hitler youth formed in 1933 for educating and training male youth into Nazi principles
- In 1939 memberships for German boys into the Hitler youth was made compulsory
- League of German maidens set up for German youth girls, as they were viewed as less important and not for military matters
- The league of German meetings were taught how to properly behave, and how to become good wives and mothers
- The league of German maidens would do activities, such as dancing for in cooking, not proper physical exercise
- From 18 the Hitler youth boys could become full members of the Nazi party and would be expected to join the military for service
19
Q
Woman in Nazi Germany
A
- The woman were courage to have more children and to be wives
- Female, doctors, teachers and civil servants were told to step down
- Unmarried women were encourage to donate a baby to the fuhrer through S S. soldiers
- Women were rewarded by the number of children, they had
- Discouraged from going to uni and getting a career
20
Q
Nazi education
A
- Teachers had to join the Nazi ideology’s and the Nazi teacher Association
- PE for the boys would be very important and they would have to perform an exam for fitness and failing would mean expulsion
- History was concentrated on the rise of the Nazi party and injustices of the treaty of Versailles
- biology explained Nazi ideology of race and how to profile based on skull type
- German taught the Nazi ideas on national identity
- Religion and religious studies became less important as religions became frowned upon
21
Q
Problems Germany faced at the end of WW1
A
- Looming peace treaty (treaty of Versailles)
- Kaiser abdicating
- Trade embargo from USA
- Keli mutiny
