Unit 3 SAC 1

Question 1

Incidence

Answer 1

The number of new cases of a condition during a given period of time

Question 2

Prevalence

Answer 2

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

Question 3

Morbidity

Answer 3

Refers to Ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group

Question 4

Burden of disease

Answer 4

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY

Question 5

Disability adjusted life years (DALYs)

Answer 5

A measure of burden of disease one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

Question 6

Years of life lost (YLL)

Answer 6

A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death

Question 7

Years of life lost due to disability (YLD)

Answer 7

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability

Question 8

Life expectancy

Answer 8

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age of death rates in do not change

Question 9

Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

Answer 9

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality

Question 10

Mortality

Answer 10

Refers to death, often at a population level

Question 11

Maternal mortality

Answer 11

Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery

Question 12

Maternal mortality ratio

Answer 12

The number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 life births

Question 13

Infant mortality

Answer 13

The death of a child between birth and their first birthday

Question 14

Infant mortality rate

Answer 14

The rate of deaths of infants between birth and the first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births

Question 15

Under 5 mortality

Answer 15

The death of a child under 5 year of age

Question 16

Under 5 mortality rate

Answer 16

The rate of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births

Question 17

Self assessed health status

Answer 17

A measure based on a persons own opinion about how they feel about their health and well-being, their state of mind and their life in genera. It is commonly sourced from population surveys

Question 18

Individual benefits of H and W

Answer 18

-

Question 19

National benefits of H and W

Answer 19

-

Question 20

Global benefits of H and W

Answer 20

-

Question 21

Health prerequisite- Peace

Answer 21

• defined as the absence of conflict
• decreased risk of injury and illness.
• infrastructure is preserved
• governments can spend money on education not warfare

Question 22

Health prerequisite - Shelter

Answer 22

-a structure that provides protection from the outside environment

• provides protection, safety and security
• provides a sense of belonging
• promotes adequate sleep

Question 23

Health prerequisite - Education

Answer 23

• increases and individuals ability to gain meaningful employment and earn an income
• more likely to understand health promotion messages such as safe sex and healthy eating
• educated women have more choices

Question 24

Health prerequisite- Food

Answer 24

• Food security is the state in which all people can obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate safe food regularly through non emergency sources
• provides energy and reduces malnutrition
• increases immune function which reduces disease
• improves intellectual capacity

Question 25

Health prerequisite- Income

Answer 25

- increases ones ability to afford resources such as healthcare, education and transport. - reduces stress and anxiety - increases tax revenue which government can invest in healthcare, housing e.c.t

Question 26

Health prerequisite- Stable ecosystem

Answer 26

- ecosystem is a community consisting of all the living and non living components of an particular area - plants and animals are needed for food security - plants and animals provide agricultural employment - clean air and water is needed to live

Question 27

Health prerequisite- sustainable resources

Answer 27

- meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations - forests provide timber for housing and environments provide fibre for clothing - fish stocks are depleting due to overfishing - food and water sources are needed to survive

Question 28

Health prerequisite- social justice and equity

Answer 28

- social justice - equal rights for all regardless of person traits. All people treated fairly in public and private life - poverty and discrimination are targeted for improvement - equal access to housing,education,healthcare - equity - all people should have access to the resources they require for decent living. Includes taking into account unfair circumstances - disadvantages are given opportunity on a level playing field - providing opportunity for those who need it most

Question 29

Physical health and well-being

Answer 29

Relates to functioning of the body and its systems, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities and tasks - healthy body weight - regular exercise - strong immunity

Question 30

Mental health and well-being

Answer 30

Refers to the current state of mind or brain and relates to the ability to think and process information. Includes forming positive or negative thoughts about self - low levels of stress - low level of anxiety - positive self esteem

Question 31

Social health and well-being

Answer 31

Relates to the ability to interact with others and form satisfying meaningful relationships with others. It also includes being able to adapt to different social situations - effective communication - supportive friends and family - Productive relationships

Question 32

Emotional health and well-being

Answer 32

Relates to the ability to manage and express emotions and feelings in a positive way as well as the ability to display resilience

Question 33

Spiritual health and wellbeing

Answer 33

Refers to the beliefs and values a person chooses to live by and relates to concepts such as peace and having a sense of belonging. It also includes religious beliefs and connections to surroundings