Unit 3 - Strongyloides & Ascarids Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Strongyloides ransomi
A
swine
2
Q
Strongyloides westeri
A
equids
3
Q
Strongyloides papillosus
A
ruminants
4
Q
Strongyloides stercoralis
A
canids
5
Q
Strongyloides tumefaciens
A
felids
6
Q
What is the strongyloides infective stage?
A
L3
7
Q
The free living stages of Order Rhabditida (strongyloids) are:
A
L1 & L2
8
Q
Free living life cycles are associated with:
A
heterogenic
9
Q
parasitic life cycles are associated with:
A
homogenic
10
Q
Which stage of the life cycle is passed in the feces for the free living strongyloides?
A
L1
11
Q
Which stage of the life cycle is passed in the feces for the parasitic strongyloides?
A
larvae
12
Q
Strongyloides larvae in contaminated soil:
A
penetrate the skin
13
Q
For the strongyloides parasitic life cycle, what is the only gender of parasite that is actually parasitic?
A
females
14
Q
What are the two ways the preoral transmission can move through the body?
A
- penetrate oral mucosa and migrate (as percutaneous does)
2. ingest infective L3; go directly to SI
15
Q
What are the routes of infection utilized by S. ransomi (swine)?
A
- percutaneous *
- preoral
- transmammary **
- transplacental
16
Q
What are the routes of infection utilized by S. westeri (equids)?
A
- percutaneous
- preoral
- transmammary **
17
Q
What are the routes of infection for S. papillosus (ruminants)?
A
- percutaneous
- transmammary
18
Q
What are the routes of infection for S. stercoralis (canids)?
A
- percutaneous
19
Q
What are the routes of infection for S. tumefaciens (felids)?
A
- percutaneous
- preoral
20
Q
What is the primary route of infection for S. papillosus in sheep/goats?
A
percutaneous
21
Q
What is the primary route of infection for S. papillosus in cattle?
A
transmammary
22
Q
What type of infection of S. ransomi is key to epidemiology in swine?
A
transmammary
23
Q
S. ransomi pathogenicity is usually in:
A
nursing piglets (b/c of transmammary infection)
24
Q
What are the clinical signs of S. ransomi in piglets?
A
- acute enteritis
- bloody diarrhea, anemia, severe weight loss, stunted growth
25
What is the best way to manage S. ransomi infections in pigs?
- high level of hygiene esp. in pens
26
Which horses most commonly see infections of S. westeri?
suckling and weanling foals
27
What is the most important transmission method for S. westeri in horses?
transmammary transmission
28
When do foals shed S. westeri eggs?
10-14 days after birth
29
S. westeri clinical signs (3):
- usually inapparent
- catarrhal enteritis
- diarrhea
30
What is the zoonotic potential of S. westeri?
creeping eruption - allergic response to free-living L3 in humans
31
Which strongyloides spp. have zoonotic potential?
- ransomi
- papillosus
- westeri
32
What are some of the clinical symptoms of S. papillosus?
- usually inappetent
- usually warmer climates
- diarrhea
- anorexia
33
What is the peak time of infection for calves with S. papillosus?
1-3 months
34
What is the peak time of infection for lambs/kids with S. papillosus?
2-6 weeks
35
Transmission route for S. papillosus?
Percutaneous - bacteria readily enter inter-digital skin (foot rot)
36
S. papillosus, is more generally seen in (geography):
warmer climates
37
What are the more prominent clinical symptoms of S. papillosus in kids/lambs/calves?
ataxia due to brain lesions (also diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, and emaciation)
38
What is the appropriate diagnostic method for S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus?
fecal flotation
39
Describe the visual characteristics of S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus eggs:
- oval
- thin-shelled
- larvated
40
Give me the two most important characteristics of the adults of S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus:
1. embedded in SI mucosa
| 2. generally nee skin scraping of the mucosa
41
What is the most important prevention method for S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus?
maintain clean, dry environment
42
What is the most rare form of infection associated with S. stercoralis?
autoinfection
43
What are the infective stages of S. stercoralis?
L3a (auto-infection) and L3i (infective)
44
What is the path/development of L3a of S. stercoralis?
- develop within the intestine of dog
| - invade dog through wall of large intestine
45
What is path/development of L3i of S. sterocralis?
- develop in environment
| - invade dog through skin
46
S. stercoralis can be asymptomatic to serious. What are some of its clinical symptoms?
- dermatitis
- catarrhal enteritis
- necrosis of intestinal mucosa
- mucoid/bloody diarrhea
- dehydration
- bronchopneumonia (cranioventral)
- death
47
Where can the L3a of S. stercoralis be found for diagnosis?
lung of host
48
Although only a few S. stercoralis L3a can be found in the lung at any one time, damage to the lung can be:
severe
49
What stage of S. stercoralis will be seen in feces of infected host?
L1
50
What is the technique of choice for diagnosing S. stercoralis?
Baermann - use fresh L1
51
Diagnosing of S. stercoralis by using the adults can be done using what 4 tests?
- mucosal scraping
- parasitic female
- IFAT
- ELISA
52
Where is S. stercoralis most often a problem?
kennels
53
What is a major problem associated with S. stercoralis?
its zoonotic potential
54
Which strongyloides species is a rare infection seen in cats?
tumefaciens
55
What clinical signs are seen with S. tumefaciens?
grossly visible tumor-like nodules
56
Where can S. tumefaciens be seen in the host?
large intestine (colonoscopy)
57
Which ascarids are found in poultry?
- Ascaridia galli
| - Heterakis gallinarum
58
Which ascarids are found in swine?
Ascaris suum
59
Which ascarids are found in equids?
Parascaris equorum
60
Which ascarids are found in raccoons and dogs?
Baylisascaris procyonis
61
Which ascarid is found in both dogs and cats?
Toxascaris leonina
62
Which ascarid is found only in dogs?
Toxocara canis
63
Which ascarid is found only in cats?
Toxocara cati
64
What is the PH of both Ascaridia galli and H. gallinarum?
earthworm
65
Clinical symptoms associated with Ascaridia galli?
- anorexia
- unthriftiness
- diarrhea
- dull plumage
- decreased egg production
66
What causes the symptoms associated with H. gallinarum?
the protoza that transfers it - Histomonas meleagridis
67
Which species is most important when dealing with H. gallinarum and H. meleagridis?
turkeys
68
What's the difference in the PH of Ascaridia galli and H. gallinarum?
- Ascaridia: PH ingests L3
| - Heterakis: PH ingests L2
69
Where are the L3, L4, and adults located for Ascaridia galli?
All are in SI
70
Where are the L3, L4 and adults located for H. gallinarum?
All are in Ceca
71
What is the most significant lesion assocaited with H. gallinarum?
typhlitis (inflammation of cecum)
72
How do you diagnose Ascaridia galli and H. gallinarum?
fecal flotation for eggs
73
What are the paratenic hosts for Ascaris suum (swine)?
- dung beetle
| - earth worm
74
Where are the infective L3 of Ascaris suum released?
SI mucosa (then undergo hepato-pulmonary migration)
75
What stage of Ascaris suum is ingested by the PH?
L3
76
Ascaris suum pathogenesis associated with the liver:
- cellular destruction
- interstitial hepatitis
- "milk spots" (localized fibrotic areas)
77
Ascaris suum pathogenesis associated with the lungs:
- hemorrhage, bronchitis, edema
| - pneumonia in young pigs
78
Ascaris suum pathogenesis associated with SI:
- catarrhal enteritis
- adult worms interfere with nutrition
- obstruction or perforation
79
Ascaris suum clinical signs (5):
- coughing
- "thumps" (rapid, shallow breathing)
- unthriftiness
- colic
- weight loss
80
Diagnosis of Ascaris suum is dependent upon:
fecal float - eggs
adult stages - necropsy
clinical signs
81
Different clinical signs associated with Parascaris equorum are due to:
different stages
82
P. equorum larvae cause what clinical signs (2):
coughing
| bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge
83
How can you diagnose Parascaris equorum?
eggs - fecal float
| adults - necropsy (in SI)
84
What is the only difference in life cycles for Ascaris suum (pigs) and Parascaris equorum?
A. suum has a potential paratenic host
85
What is one of the most significant parts of the T. leonina life cycle?
no somatic migration
86
Why is there no mammary or transplacental transmission associated with T. leonina?
no somatic migration
87
Which is more common: Toxocara spp. or Toxascaris?
Toxocara spp.
88
Very rarely are Toxascaris leonina infections reported in:
humans
89
How do you diagnose Toxascaris leonina?
eggs - fecal float
| adults - necropsy, vomit, feces
90
What is the most important route of infection for Toxocara cati?
transmammary - infection ONLY when queen is lactating
91
Clinical signs of Toxocara cati:
- often asymptomatic
- pot-bellied
- failure to thrive
92
The L3 for Toxocara canis ALD and reactivate for which two routes of infections?
1. mammary
| 2. transplacental
93
What happens when Toxocara canis infects puppies?
transplacental --> fetal liver --> neonatal lungs; L3 to stomach
94
What are the clinical symptoms associated with Toxocara canis in puppies?
- verminous pneumonia
- enteritis
- Ulcers in SI
- occlusion of SI (uncommon)
- death possible
95
Toxocara canis diagnosis:
eggs - fecal float
96
Describe what Toxascaris leonina looks like on fecal float:
- smooth surface
| - empty space within the egg
97
What is the PH for Baylisacaris procyonis?
small mammals, birds
98
What is the pathology for Baylisacaris spp. in the DH?
usually none
99
What is the pathology for Baylisacaris spp. in other species?
- mechanical damage to tissues
- brain and spinal cord lesions
- lung damage (from migration)
- inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis
