UNIT 3 | TAXONOMY + MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

Define biodiversity

Answer 1

The total variety of organisms in the biosphere

Question 2

How are organisms used by humans?

Answer 2

Used in the medical, agricultural, and ecosystem services fields

Question 3

Taxonomy

Answer 3

The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms

Question 4

What is a bacteriophage?

Answer 4

A virus that infects bacteria cells

Question 5

Why is a virus not considered a living organism?

Answer 5

It requires a host to live and reproduce

Question 6

What is the purpose of an eye piece on a microscope?

Answer 6

Magnifies the specimen by 10x

Question 7

What is the purpose of a tube on a microscope?

Answer 7

Light travels from the objective lens to the eyepiece

Question 8

What is the purpose of the objective lens on a microscope?

Answer 8

Magnify the specimen by 4, 10, 40, and sometimes 100x

Question 9

What is the purpose of the stage on a microscope?

Answer 9

The place for the slides to be seen

Question 10

What is the purpose of the arm and base of a microscope?

Answer 10

To provide support while carrying and when in use

Question 11

How is a wet mount prepared?

Answer 11

A drop of water is used to suspend the specimen between the slide and cover slip

Question 12

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 12

Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. Genetic material is located in the cytoplasm (bacteria).

Question 13

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 13

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus (genetic material is stored there).

Question 14

-
-

Answer 14

• size and functions
• movement
• obtaining and the release of energy

Question 15

Describe eubacteria

Answer 15

Very common, considered ‘true’ bacteria

Question 16

-

Answer 16

• live in extreme environments (hot springs)

- have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Question 17

How do bacteria feed?

Answer 17

Heterotrophic and autotrophic feeding habits

Question 18

-

Answer 18

• require an energy source from another organism

- most bacteria is heterotrophic

Question 19

What is autotrophic bacteria?

Answer 19

• contain chlorophyll for making food from the sun (photosynthetic)

Question 20

Do all bacteria cause infections or illness?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Describe the general structure of bacteria

5 points

Answer 21

• cell wall
• cell membrane
• pili or flagella (movement and stability)
• genetic material (plasmid)
• ribosomes

Question 22

-
-

Answer 22

• cocci
• spirilla
• bacilli

Question 23

-
-

Answer 23

• diplo
• staphylo
• strepto

Question 24

Define chemo autotroph

Answer 24

Uses energy released by chemical reactions involving ammonia, hydrogen, and sulfide

Question 25

Define obligate aerobe

Answer 25

Requiring oxygen for cellular respiration

Question 26

Define obligate anaerobe - -

Answer 26

- fermentation | - dies in the presence of oxygen

Question 27

Endospore

Answer 27

- produced by prokaryotes in unfavourable conditions | - a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm

Question 28

Conjugation

Answer 28

Some paramecium and prokaryotes exchange genetic info (increases genetic diversity)

Question 29

Protists are

Answer 29

unicellular and eukaryotic organisms

Question 30

What are some animal like protists? | Four points

Answer 30

- amoeba - paramecium - trichiomonas - tokophyra

Question 31

What are some plant like protists? - - -

Answer 31

- kelp - seaweed - algae

Question 32

What is the significance of euglena?

Answer 32

They contain chloroplasts and have flagella

Question 33

What is a parameciums habitat?

Answer 33

Lives in fresh water near decaying plant matter

Question 34

What is a parameciums food source and how are they obtained? | Four points

Answer 34

- protozoan - bacteria - algae - trichicysts help capture prey

Question 35

What is an amoebas habitat?

Answer 35

Fresh or salt water as well as the intestines of animals and humans

Question 36

What are some flagellate protozoan? - - -

Answer 36

- euglena - trichomonads - volvox

Question 37

What are some amoeboid? - -

Answer 37

- amoeba | - radiolarian

Question 38

What are some ciliated protozoan? - -

Answer 38

- paramecium | - tokophyra

Question 39

What are the basic structures of fungi? | Six points

Answer 39

- cup/sac - cap - gills - fruiting body - hyphae - mycelium

Question 40

What is the purpose of the fruiting body of fungi?

Answer 40

Contains and disperses spores

Question 41

What is the purpose of hyphae in fungi?

Answer 41

Absorb nutrients

Question 42

What is the purpose of mycelium?

Answer 42

Where vegetative reproduction takes place (a mass of hyphae)

Question 43

What are fungi classified as and are they mobile? - -

Answer 43

- eukaryotic | - sessile (non mobile)

Question 44

How do fungi obtain nutrients? - - -

Answer 44

- heterotrophic - saprophytic - parasitic

Question 45

Define saprophytic

Answer 45

Secrete enzymes to break down dead organic material

Question 46

Define parasitic

Answer 46

Obtain nutrients from living hosts

Question 47

How do fungi reproduce asexually?

Answer 47

Spores

Question 48

``` What are true groups of fungi? - - - - ```

Answer 48

- chytridomycetes - ascomycetes - zygomycota - basidiomycota

Question 49

Define species

Answer 49

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 50

Define photo autotroph

Answer 50

Uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide into carbon compounds

Question 51

KPCOFGS

Answer 51

``` Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 52

Define photo heterotroph

Answer 52

Similar to heterotrophs but can use light energy as well