Unit 3 TEFL Flashcards
teaching pronunciation (21 cards)
Word stress
When one syllable receives more emphasis than the others
the stress on the wrong syllable causes…
misunderstanding
syllable
single burst of effort containing one vowel sound, often combined with consonants
To help students recognize stress
mark it in their notebooks, mark stressed syllables, use visuals
What indicates stress in the dictionary?
an apostrophe
digraphs
letters are combined to make a single sound
phoneme
describes a meaningful sound.
What’s a good way to visualize the syllable stress for students?
place a dot over, underline, draw circles over the stressed syllable
Disappearing syllables
unstressed syllables that are weakened or dropped in casual speech
like in “family” becoming “fam-lee.”
Required skip syllables
only for “business” “Wednesday” “evening” & “vegetable”.
These words sound strange without a skipped syllable.
What are the 9 phonological features
Consonant, vowel, plosive, fricative, bilabial, nasal, voiced, voiceless, diphthong
Shifting stress
when the emphasis in a word or phrase moves to a different syllable, changing its meaning.
Ex: “record” as a noun (RE-cord) vs. as a verb (re-CORD).
Word family stress patterns
Base word changes stress with added suffixes
person → personality → personalisation.
Shifting stress applies to many…
2-syllable noun-verb pairs with same spelling.
Intonation
the melody of english/speech
Assimilation
the process by which one sound becomes more like the following sound
Ex: His son gave me ten bucks (hissungave me tembucks)
What is IPA?
international phonetic alphabet, It provides a symbol for every sound used in human languages
Rising intonation is used in…
yes/no questions
Falling intonation is used in…
Used in WH-questions
How many phonemes in English?
About 44 sounds, but only 26 letters.
Minimal pairs examples
ship/sheep, bet/bat, thin/thing.
