Unit 3 Test Flashcards by Megan Laughlin

Ricardo is wondering what percentage of gay men and lesbians live in his hometown of 20,000 people. What is the best estimate that you could give him?

a. 1% of the males, and 0.5% of the females

b. 3-4% of the males, and 1.5-2% of the females	
c. 5-10% of the males, and 2.5-5% of the females	
d. 10-25% of the males, and 5-15% of the females

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All of the following statements about bisexuals’ self-identification are true EXCEPT

a. bisexuals often identify as heterosexual before they identify as bisexual.

b. bisexual self-labeling generally occurs later in life than for gays or lesbians.	
c. most bisexuals identify as homosexual privately, but identify as heterosexual publicly.	
d. we know little about bisexual self-labeling because research on bisexuality is still in its early stages.

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What have researchers found to be the relationship between homosexuality and hormone levels in adulthood?

a. Gay men have higher androgen levels than heterosexual men do, whereas lesbians have higher estrogen levels than heterosexual women do.

b. Gay men have lower androgen levels than heterosexual men do, whereas lesbians have higher testosterone levels and less estrogen levels than heterosexual women do.	
c. Gay men and lesbians do not appear to have different adult hormones from those of heterosexuals.	
d. Gay men and lesbians have higher levels of all major hormones than heterosexuals do.

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Scientists have found all of the following physiological differences between heterosexuals and homosexuals EXCEPT

a. Certain areas of the hypothalamus are either larger or smaller in homosexual men than in heterosexual men.

b. Although some biological differences among gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and heterosexuals have been found, findings are inconsistent, and the evidence is weak for consistent differences of this kind.	
c. Lesbians and bisexual women have better hand-eye coordination than heterosexual women do.	
d. Differences in finger length have been found between heterosexual and homosexual women.

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MOST same-sex sexual behavior in prisons is

a. rape committed to establish dominance hierarchies in prison.

b. not outright rape, but sexual coercion by powerful men and women in prison to the less powerful who offer sexual favors in return for protection.	
c. consensual, sometimes close and intimate, even though most inmates return to a heterosexual life after release.	
d. a sign of a developing gay, lesbian, or bisexual identity that will be expressed fully after the person is released.

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In the acronym GLBTQ, the Q refers to

a. queer.

b. questioning.	
c. queens, a gay-community term for cross-dressers.	
d. questioning or queer.

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Research on genetics and homosexuality has found all of the following to be true EXCEPT

a. The more closely genetically related two siblings are, the more likely they are to share a sexual orientation.

b. Gay men have more gay brothers than lesbian sisters, and lesbians have more lesbian sisters than gay brothers.	
c. Evidence exists for a lesbian gene on the X chromosome, but not for a gay gene.	
d. Homosexuality is not solely determined by genetics.

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According to Gilbert Herdt, how does modern-day America compare to most other countries throughout history regarding tolerance of homosexuality?

a. It is more tolerant than most countries have been throughout history.

b. It is about as tolerant as most countries have been throughout history.	
c. It is less tolerant than most countries have been throughout history.	
d. It is impossible to know how America compares, because there is very little information about how homosexuality has been regarded in other periods of history or in other cultures.

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Which of the following statements about homosexuality in the early Middle Ages is FALSE?

a. There were strong sanctions against rape, adultery, incest, and fornication, but not homosexuality.

b. Homosexuality was completely legal in most European countries.	
c. Male brothels began to appear, and defenses of homosexuality began to appear in print.	
d. The church was strongly against homosexuality, but the public generally ignored its edicts.

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Colton is homosexual. How might Freud explain Colin’s homosexuality?

a. Colton had an intense attachment to his father, and ignores women because of it.

b. Colton had an intense attachment to his father, causing him to turn toward men to avoid castration by his mother.	
c. Colton had an intense attachment to his mother, but his mother was unable to reciprocate, causing Colton to turn to men because of his frustration toward women.	
d. Colton had an intense attachment to his mother, causing him to turn to men to avoid castration by his father.

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All of the following stages are included in Vivienne Cass’s (1979, 1984) model of coming out EXCEPT

a. identity confusion.

b. identity rejection.	
c. identity acceptance.	
d. identity synthesis.

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When it was published, Kinsey’s scale for describing human sexual orientation was unique in what way?

a. It was the first scale to define the terms homosexuality and heterosexuality in humans.

b. It defined people as homosexual or heterosexual based upon a person's desired sexual orientation.	
c. It recognized sexual orientation as a continuous, rather than a categorical, variable.	
d. It recognized all humans as bisexual to some degree.

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Mary is Presbyterian. Which of the following statements is MOST likely to represent her views of GLBTQ people and their role in her church?

“

GLBTQ people are welcome here; my church has as its primary mission ministering to the needs of sexual minorities. I

’

m a lesbian myself.

”

b. "A woman is the leader of our denomination, and she has said that we are ready to ordain gay and lesbian ministers, but in my church, most of the old-timers and the pastor don't like the idea of open homosexuals coming to services."	
c. "The Bible forbids homosexuality, and that's all we need to know about it in our church."	
d. "What matters is whether homosexual relationships are helpful and harmonious; loving couples of all kinds are welcome at services here."

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Current laws in the U.S. are biased against homosexuals in all of the following ways EXCEPT

a. exclusionary zoning, and rent control and rent stabilization laws are used to deny homosexuals equal rights in housing.

b. lack of access to tax breaks for married couples.	
c. lack of access to spousal inheritance or family social security benefits.	
d. sodomy laws that make it a misdemeanor to engage in same-sex sexual behavior.

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What is thought to be the main reason why little is known about lesbian relationships in Arabic cultures?

a. because such relationships are thought not to exist among Arabic peoples

b. because lesbians, if discovered, are punished with death in most Arabic countries	
c. because Arabic women are generally reserved and uncomfortable about talking about sex	
d. because people in Arabic cultures discuss only male homosexuality, not female homosexuality

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Congress reauthorized a law in 1996 that requires the compilation of data on hate crimes. This law is known as

a. the Hate Crimes Data Collection Act.

b. the Hate Crimes Information Act.	
c. the Hate Crimes Prevention Act.	
d. the Hate Crimes Statistics Act.

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Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of those who hold negative views of homosexuals?

a. They tend to be older and less well educated.

b. They tend to be married or in long-term relationships.	
c. They are likely to be religious and to subscribe to a conservative religious ideology.	
d. They have more traditional attitudes toward sex roles, and are less permissive sexually.

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sexual orientation

gender(s) that a person is attracted to emotionally, physically, sexually, and romantically

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gender(s) that a person is attracted to emotionally, physically, sexually, and romantically

sexual orientation

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biological theory of sexual orientation

homosexuals are physically different from heterosexuals

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developmental theory of sexual orientation

homosexuality develops in response to a person’s upbringing and personal history, and therefore nothing is physically different between the two

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behavioral theory of sexual orientation

homosexuality is a learned behavior

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sociological theory of sexual orientation

social forces produce homosexuality in a society

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interactional theory of sexual orientation

interaction between biology, development, and societal factors

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homosexuals are physically different from heterosexuals

biological theory of sexual orientation

homosexuality develops in response to a person's upbringing and personal history, and therefore nothing is physically different between the two

developmental theory of sexual orientation

homosexuality is a learned behavior

behavioral theory of sexual orientation

social forces produce homosexuality in a society

sociological theory of sexual orientation

interaction between biology, development, and societal factors

interactional theory of sexual orientation

maternal immune hypothesis

theory of sexual orientation that proposes that the fraternal birth order effect of gay brothers reflects the progressive immunization of some mothers to male-specific antigens by each succeeding male fetus

maternal immune hypothesis

polymorphous perverse

sees all things as potentially sexual

polymorphous perverse

gender-role noncomformity

theory that looks at the role of early childhood in the development of homosexuality and explores cross-gendered traits in childhood

gender-role noncomformity

Bem's “exotic-becomes-erotic” theory

sexual feelings evolve from experiencing heightened arousal in situations in which one gender is viewed as more exotic, or different from oneself

Bem's “exotic-becomes-erotic” theory

sodomy or buggery

any of various forms of sexual intercourse held to be unnatural or abnormal, especially anal intercourse or beastiality

sodomy or buggery

passing women

woman who disguises herself as a man

passing women

machismo

characterized or motivated by stereotypical masculine behavior or action

machismo

sequential homosexuality

situation in which heterosexual or bisexual men and women go through a period of homosexuality for a variety of reasons, including cultural and societal

sequential homosexuality

coming out

the process of establishing a personal self-identity and communicating it to others

coming out

homophobia

irrational fear of homosexuals and homosexuality

homophobia

heterosexism

the presumption of heterosexuality that has sociological implications

heterosexism

hate crimes

a criminal offense, usually involving violence, intimidation, or vandalism, in which the victim is targeted because of his or her affiliation with a particular group

hate crimes

biphobia

strongly negative behaviors toward bisexuals or bisexuality

biphobia

heterophobia

strongly negative behaviors or attitudes toward heterosexuals or heterosexuality

heterophobia

sequential bisexuality

having sex exclusively with one gender followed by sex exclusively with the other

sequential bisexuality

contemporaneous bisexuality

having sexual partners of both sexes during the same period

contemporaneous bisexuality

situational homosexuality

homosexuality that occurs because of a lack of heterosexual partners

situational homosexuality

According to Kinsey, what percentage of American women have at least one same-sex sexual experience in adulthood that resulted in orgasm? a. 1.5 to 2% b. 10% c. 13% d. 37%

Alexander has just finished watching a documentary on homosexual behaviors among animals in the wild. Which of the following clips would NOT have appeared in the film? a. a montage of over 450 different species of birds and mammals known to engage in same-sex sexual activity b. a clip of a female rhesus monkey mounting another female monkey as a sexual display for male rhesus monkeys that the females wish to mate with c. a clip from an August boating expedition in British Columbia, showing killer whales engaging in homosexual behavior d. a scientist explaining that, although homosexual behaviors are common in the animal kingdom, only among human beings do certain individuals display EXCLUSIVELY homosexual behavior

Adrienne Rich's term to describe the neglect of homosexual existence even among feminists is a. heterocentrism. b. heterofocus. c. heterosexism. d. homoschism.

The national organization that helps parents learn to accept their children's sexual orientation and gain support from other families with GLBTQ children is called a. Advocates for Parents of Lesbians and Gays (APLAG). b. Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG). c. Helping Parents with Homosexual Children (HPHC). d. National Gay and Lesbian Parent Network (NGLPN).

Max is an Orthodox Jew. Which of the following statements about homosexuality would he be MOST LIKELY to endorse? a. "My synagogue welcomes members of all sexual orientations, but gays and lesbians cannot become rabbis." b. "Homosexuality is an abomination forbidden by the Torah. Leviticus specifically prohibits two men engaging in sex." c. "My synagogue welcomes all people. Lesbians and gay men can even get married at our synagogue, and our junior rabbi is a gay man." d. "Homosexuality is not a free choice, but an unalterable feature of the personality. It's immoral to punish people for something they cannot change."

Which of the following is NOT an example of different attitudes toward homosexuality in various Latin and South American countries? a. In Brazil, homosexuality is viewed as acceptable only for those in the theater, movie, music, or television industries. b. In Argentina, homosexuals are believed to be possessed, and are "cured" by a ritual exorcism. c. In Nicaragua, anally penetrating another man does not make a man homosexual, but instead is a sign of being an "hombre-hombre" ("manly man"). d. In Costa Rico, all forms of homosexuality are generally accepted.

Dr. Andersen was an early 20th century doctor with the most up-to-date views. What was his belief about homosexuality MOST LIKELY to have been? a. Homosexuality is a birth defect, but not a serious medical issue. b. Homosexuality is acceptable; only religious fanatics object to it. c. Homosexuality is a sin, curable with prayer. d. Homosexuality is an illness that, left untreated, could spread like a contagious disease.

Which pioneering clinical psychologist tried to counter the traditional psychoanalytic view that homosexuality was an illness? a. Sandor Rado b. Evelyn Hooker c. Irving Bieber d. Alfred Kinsey

All of the following popular musicians self-identify as lesbians and sing about lesbian issues EXCEPT a. k.d. lang. b. Melissa Etheridge. c. Tracy Chapman. d. Christina Aguilera.

Your friend Hoda is bisexual. Right now she is dating two people, Vanessa and Joshua, and enjoying sexual relationships with both of them. What term would researchers use to describe Hoda's relationships? a. sequential bisexuality b. simultaneous bisexuality c. contemporaneous bisexuality d. bimodal bisexuality

How are the children of homosexual and heterosexual parents different from one another? a. Children of homosexuals are more likely to become homosexual as adults. b. Children of homosexuals are likely to suffer from gender-role confusion, as a result of having parents of only one sex. c. Male children of lesbians are more likely to be emotionally unstable, and female children of gays are more likely to be aggressive, than children of heterosexual parents. d. No difference has been found between the children of homosexual and heterosexual parents.

Your best friend Andrew is going through a confusing time. He has just come out as a gay man, but he is also feeling spiritually confused. He wants to attend religious services and feel closer to God, but he wants his sexuality to be accepted in the church he chooses. You explain that most religions are struggling with these issues today, and that some churches in any religion may be more accepting, while others will be more intolerant. However, he wants a religion whose BASIC BELIEFS are least likely to condemn him. Which religion would you encourage Andrew to study first? a. Southern Baptist Christianity b. Judaism c. Buddhism d. Catholicism

Which of the following statements about homosexuality and prenatal exposure to hormones is TRUE? a. Stress during pregnancy influences hormone levels, decreasing the chance that the child will grow up to be homosexual. b. Injecting certain hormones at critical development stages into pregnant animals, such as rats and guinea pigs, can cause the offspring to exhibit homosexual behavior. c. Prenatal exposure to hormones is the most significant influence on sexual orientation later in life. d. Prenatal exposure to hormones has no effect on sexual orientation or sex-typed childhood behavior.

Why has research on bisexuality lagged behind research on gays and lesbians? a. Researchers assumed that sexuality consisted of only two categories—homosexual and heterosexual. b. Bisexuality doesn't really exist; researchers understood early on that bisexuality is only a transitional identity as homosexuals come out of the closet and gain self-acceptance. c. Research on this topic has been suppressed by political and religious groups. d. Research on bisexuality has not lagged behind; because this identity is thought of as even more deviant and problematic than other sexual-minority identities, researchers have always been very interested in it.

Which of the following statements best captures ancient Jews' and early Christians' attitudes toward homosexuality? a. Homosexuality was strongly condemned in numerous ancient religious writings, but not punished when it was discovered. b. Homosexuality was considered a grave sin, and was punishable by death. c. Both Jesus and Saint Paul made a number of pronouncements against homosexuality, and early Christians in particular were very concerned with this moral issue. d. Early Jews and Christians didn't really treat homosexuality with much concern or interest.

Your sister Ranjit has just come out to your family as lesbian. Your mother is worried because she has heard that lesbians often have poorer physical and mental health than heterosexual women do. What should you tell your mother to do for Ranjit so that her well-being and physical health are best protected? a. Help Ranjit get a good job with good pay; economic security is related to health and well-being for lesbian women in particular. b. Offer Ranjit personal acceptance and support; such support, especially from mothers, is related to health and well-being for lesbians. c. Encourage Ranjit to move to an urban area where she can meet other lesbians; living in such an area will help protect her health. d. Encourage Ranjit to go to church; religiosity is associated with physical health especially strongly for lesbians.

The Sambia people of Papua New Guinea believe that boys must receive both mother's milk and man's milk (semen) to mature properly as men. Therefore, all Sambian prepubescent boys fellate post-pubescent boys until the boys reach age 18, when they marry women and live as heterosexuals for the rest of their lives. This practice is called what? a. homosexual-heterosexual conversion b. sequential homosexuality c. adolescent homosexual conditioning d. longitudinal homosexuality

Until how recently was homosexual behavior punishable by death in the United States? a. Although homosexual behaviors have been illegal since colonial times, punishment was never this severe in the United States. b. until the late 18th century c. until the mid 19th century d. until the beginning of the 20th century

Which of the following is likely to be the MOST IMPORTANT factor in explaining why homosexual youths have higher levels of depression than heterosexual youths do? a. the difficulty in finding a stable dating/relationship partner b. the negative portrayals of gays and lesbians in the media c. the high levels of stigmatization and discrimination that such youths experience d. strong feelings of internalized homophobia

Why does your textbook use the term homophobia to describe negative attitudes toward homosexuality? a. because it accurately conveys the pathological fear of same-sex sexuality that lies at the root of such negative attitudes b. because it is the only term that researchers have ever proposed for these attitudes c. because it precisely describes the personal biases against homosexuals that some people experience, without referring to negative cultural attitudes that most people in a given culture hold d. because it is the generally accepted term for such attitudes

Which of the following does the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG) NOT consider when determining sexual orientation? a. a respondent's behavior, fantasy, and social preferences b. a respondent's age, race, and ethnicity c. a respondent's past, present, and ideal sexualities d. a respondent's self-identification

Approximately what percentage of gay youth are forced to leave home as a result of their sexual orientation? a. 7% b. 15% c. 26% d. 57%

Matthew is the oldest of six boys (and no girls) in his family, and he wonders how having so many brothers might affect the sexual orientation of the younger boys. What can you tell him about this? a. The younger brothers are more likely than average to be gay. b. The younger brothers are less likely than average to be gay. c. The older brothers (including Matthew) are more likely to be gay, but the younger brothers are no more likely than average to be gay. d. Birth order and number of brothers is unrelated to later sexual orientation.

What are the three basic instincts that developed into love, according to evolutionary theorists? a. the need of the parent to protect the child, the need to be protected from outside threats, and the sexual drive b. the need to pass along one's genetic material, the need of the parent to protect the child, and the sexual drive c. the need to be protected from outside threats, the need to pass along one's genetic material, and the sexual drive d. the need for intimacy, the sexual drive, and the need to be protected from outside threats

What are the three elements of love, according to Robert Sternberg? a. passion, affection, and intimacy b. affection, intimacy, and commitment c. commitment, affection, and passion d. commitment, intimacy, and passion

Your friend Chelsea's boyfriend Benjamin is a total jerk. She has just discovered that he has cheated on her with two different partners. To get back at him, she gets drunk and makes out with a girl she meets in a bar. Later, she leaves the bar with an old boyfriend and spends the night with him. Which of the following statements is likely to be true? a. Chelsea is least jealous of Benjamin's fling with his roommate Graham. b. Chelsea is least jealous of Benjamin's one-night stand with his coworker Anna. c. Benjamin is least jealous of Chelsea's making out with the girl from the bar. d. Benjamin is least jealous of Chelsea's one-night stand with her old boyfriend.

How would Sternberg classify a relationship in which none of the three elements of love is present? a. empty love b. fatuous love c. nonlove d. liking

Intimacy style between couples in different cultures has been shown to relate to which of the following two aspects of the culture? a. how individualistic or collectivistic the culture is, and how strictly it adopts stereotypical gender roles b. how individualistic or collectivistic the culture is, and how it views relational dependence c. how important the idea of romantic love is to the culture, and how strictly it adopts stereotypical gender roles d. how individualistic or collectivistic the culture is, and how much it values romantic love

Which of the following is NOT true about people who score high on the androgyny scale? a. They are more aware of their love feelings than those who score high on the masculinity scale. b. They are more willing to express faults than those who score high on the masculinity scale. c. They are more willing to express faults than those who score high on the femininity scale. d. They are more tolerant than those who score highly on the femininity scale.

Which of the following is NOT true about our current understanding of love? a. Love has been a component of love songs and poems throughout written history. b. Humans are unique in their ability to experience romantic love. c. There are distinct, different types of love that are based on the recipient. d. The mystery of love is part of its attraction.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of companionate love? a. deep feelings of affection b. intimacy and ease c. a willingness to sacrifice for the partner d. idealizing the partner

If Muna goes on a blind date in a hot, crowded restaurant, what would a behavioral reinforcement theorist predict? a. She will like her date more than if the room had been cold. b. Having so many people around will help Muna and her date feel more comfortable with each other, and therefore like each other more, than they would if the room were not crowded. c. Muna and her date will be likely to dislike each other. d. Muna and her date's reaction to one other will not matter based on the temperature or amount of people in the room.

What does author Dean Ornish discuss in his 1999 best-selling book? a. The evolutionary drives behind people falling in love b. The 5 languages of love and how they influence attachment types in adulthood c. The impact of love and intimacy on a person's physical health and well-being d. The phenomenon of failure to thrive in children, due to lack of love an intimacy

Which of the following is NOT an important intimacy skill? a. listening b. passion c. trust d. affection

You are watching a man and a woman interact in a bar. They appear to be strangers to one another, but you think that they are attracted to one another. Suddenly something happens that makes you change your mind—maybe they don't like each other so much after all. What is it? a. The man touches the woman's arm, and she backs away slightly. b. The woman looks the man in the eye, and he looks back at her, holding her gaze for a long time. c. The man turns his body so he is sitting in a similar posture to the woman, making him appear somewhat feminine. d. The woman tosses her hair to one side and nods at something the man has just said, which you cannot hear.

People in which of the following countries would be most likely to think of love in terms of how a mate will be received by family and community, rather that in terms of an individual's own sense of romance? a. France b. China c. the United States d. Italy

What has been found to be true about Zick Rubin's early and innovative scientific measure of love? a. Although Rubin was one of the first to try to scientifically measure love, his scale is not very powerful at predicting important relationship outcomes. b. His scale is very powerful; it is correlated not only with the probability that a couple will get married, but even with how often they will gaze at each other. c. His scale accurately predicts some trivial things about lovers' behavior, such as how often a couple will gaze at each other, but it does not correlate with important behavior such as getting married. d. His scale correlates with the likelihood that a couple will marry, but cannot predict smaller, micro-level relationship behaviors such as how often a couple gazes at each other, possibly because such characteristics vary too much from couple to couple.

Which of the following types of theories suggests that we begin to think we have feelings of liking or loving for someone when we notice that we are spending a lot of time with them and doing nice things for them? a. behavioral reinforcement theories b. cognitive theories c. physiological arousal theories d. evolutionary theories

Which of the following statements about trust in a long-term relationship is TRUE? a. Close relationships have a "curative" effect on trust in men and women. The longer they exist, the more trust can build. b. Trust actually decreases in long-term romantic relationships, because partners have more opportunities to betray one another, and betrayal becomes more likely as passion erodes. c. Close relationships have a curative effect on trust only for women whose parents were divorced. d. Close relationships have a curative effect on trust for men, but, because of men's greater incidence of infidelity and substance abuse, long-term relationships actually are associated with decrements in trust over time for heterosexual women.

Your wealthy and handsome friend Andrew is starring on the reality television show "The Bachelor." In this week's episode, he has only four young women left to choose from. Based on what you know about factors influencing attraction, which contestant would you predict will be ELIMINATED after this week's program? a. Taissa, who coincidentally lives in the apartment just below Andrew's penthouse, and has frequently been filmed all season running into him accidentally in humorous situations apart from their formal dates. b. Hannie, who loves to windsurf, majored in business in college, and is a successful entrepreneur, all just like Andrew himself. c. Katie, who was a Miss America finalist last year, and who is the most devastatingly good-looking woman on the show, in your opinion. d. Teresa, the most sensual and seductive contestant, who clearly has a lot of "chemistry" with Andrew—their dramatic fights, with the cinematic implication of passionate "make-up" sex between them afterwards, have been prominently featured on the show all season.

What is self-love, according to your text? a. being conceited or narcissistic b. promoting ourselves and our good qualities openly to others c. being at ease with our positive qualities and forgiving ourselves for our faults d. being confident about our positive qualities, and actively working to improve our faults

Payam likes to play the "game" of love. He enjoys the act of seduction, but is not interested in commitment or dependency. According to John Allan Lee, which love style does Payam have? a. Eros b. Ludus c. Storge d. Mania

Your friend Peter would really like to meet someone he could fall in love with and spend the rest of his life with. Based on what you have read in your text, where would you suggest he go to find the most compatible lifetime mate? a. on vacation in an exotic foreign country, where he will be away from the stress of everyday life and free to meet one of the locals b. to live in a new city, somewhere very different from where he grew up, because he is likely to meet an exciting new mate after a move c. somewhere he can meet someone who has very different views from his about just about everything. d. at a party that Peter's childhood friend is having, where he can meet someone very similar to himself

Which of the following statements is true about the metaphorical imagery in the biblical Song of Solomon? a. Although it depicts the relationship between a garden and its gardener, in reality it is an allegory about romantic love between men and women. b. It is highly erotic and sexual. c. It has been banned by some schools because of its frankly sexual language. d. Your text uses it as an example to show that in biblical times, there was no concept of romantic love.

In which country would a handsome but poor male have the best prospects of finding a female mate? a. the United States b. France c. Brazil d. Japan

romantic love

idealized love, based on romance and perfection

romantic love

companionate love

an intimate form of love that involves friendly affection and deep attachment based on a familiarity with the loved one

companionate love

what are the 3 elements of love according to Sternberg?

passion, intimacy, committment

field of eligibles

group of people from which it is socially acceptable to choose an intimate partner

field of eligibles

self- love

love for oneself; the instinct or desire to promote one's own well-being

self-love

narcissism

excessive admiration of oneself

narcissism

jealousy

emotional reaction to a relationship that is being threatened

jealousy

stalking

relentlessly pursuing someone, shadowing him or her, or making threatening gestures or claims toward the person when the relationship is unwanted

stalking

Which student has a fetish? a. Marcus, who can only become aroused if his girlfriend wears high-heeled shoes to bed b. Darren, who gets sexual pleasure from caning his boyfriend in consensual role-playing sex games c. Laurie, who becomes aroused when she performs weekly at a local strip club's amateur night, and often fantasizes about undressing erotically on a busy downtown street corner at rush hour d. Julie, who gains most of her sexual stimulation from a paid subscription to a webcam service that captures photographs of unsuspecting couples having sex

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. A woman is more likely to be an exhibitionist, while a man is more likely to be a voyeur. b. A man is more likely to be an exhibitionist, while a woman is more likely to be a voyeur. c. Men and women are equally likely to be exhibitionists and voyeurs. d. Women are less likely to be either exhibitionists or voyeurs.

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to have a paraphilia? a. Robert, who wears latex underwear during his sexual encounters and cannot become aroused unless his is wearing them b. Divya, who often enjoys fantasizing about being raped c. Zain, who acts out his fantasies of being beaten by his boyfriend to such a degree that he has bruises and muscle soreness and cannot go to work on the days after he engages in sex d. Yvonne, a schoolteacher who is highly religious and feels extremely guilty and ashamed of her fantasies of having sex with her students, even though she has never acted upon these fantasies

Which of the following countries is LEAST tolerant of paraphilias? a. Denmark b. Brazil c. China d. Czech Republic

Carnes compares sexual addition to what other compulsive disorders? a. hoarding b. heroin addiction c. gambling d. alcoholism

Which of the following is NOT true of people with paraphilias? a. They tend to be male rather than female. b. About half of them are married. c. They tend to come from a background with low socioeconomic status. d. They tend to have come from a dysfunctional family.

Which of the following assessment procedures is probably MOST accurate and reliable for assessing for the presence of pedophilia in men? a. a clinical interview b. a self-report questionnaire assessing pedophilic desires and behaviors c. a penile plethysmograph test d. an MMPI-2 test

Which type of treatment for paraphilias is MOST successful? a. behavior therapies b. trauma-resolution therapies c. social skills training d. empathy training

Rosalie enjoys taking a submissive role in sadomasochistic sex games with her boyfriend. Their favorite activity is for Rosalie to wear a diaper while her boyfriend feeds her from a bottle, talks to her in baby talk, and changes her diaper after she soils it. This is an example of which technique used in sadomasochistic subcultures to physically dominate a submissive partner? a. scatophagia b. birching c. infantilism d. flagellation

Which of the following statements about pedophiles is FALSE? a. They are likely to be 16 years of age or older. b. They are likely to be at least 5 years older than their victims. c. They have no specific preferences for the type of child they want to victimize. d. They are likely to win the trust of parents before molesting a child.

In your textbook, your author suggests that sexual deviance should be defined by what criterion? a. When less than 5% of the population engages in the activity. b. When the activity causes non-consensual harm to someone else. c. When it is deemed as inappropriate by the culture. d. When someone cannot control their desire to engage in the activity.

When Mark was 5, his mother caught him trying on his older sister's panties and other lingerie. She immediately became very angry and told Mark he was never to do this again. After this experience, Mark would sneak into his sister's bedroom to play with and touch her panties as often as he could, feeling both guilty and excited about this forbidden activity. Now, as an adult, he still becomes aroused when he touches or wears women's underwear. What theory best fits with how Mark's interest in women's underwear arose? a. psychoanalytic b. developmental c. biological d. social

Historically Americans have been a. more tolerant of sexual diversity than we are today. b. equally tolerant of sexual diversity as we are today. c. less tolerant of sexual diversity than we are today. d. highly tolerant of all human diversity, just as we are today.

Max is being treated by his analyst for his exhibitionism. His analyst asks Max to expose himself to an audience. What type of therapy is Max's analyst using? a. satiation therapy b. orgasmic reconditioning c. shame aversion d. systematic desensitization

All of the following are signs of possible Internet sexual addiction EXCEPT a. spending significant amounts of time in chat rooms and using instant messaging in order to get sex. b. discussing sexual fantasies online that one would not discuss with others in real life. c. being unwilling to move from cybersex to phone sex or face-to-face encounters. d. having a decreased interest in real-life sexual partners.

What is the term used to describe a state in which negative stimuli prevent the development of certain aspects of sexuality? a. hypophilia b. hyperphilia c. conditioning d. courtship disorder

Justin enjoys having sex with many strangers and acquaintances, most of whom he meets at his favorite nightclub. Tonight, however, he ran into his boss and his boss's girlfriend there. Justin couldn't resist flirting with his boss's girlfriend. Now his boss is out on the patio having a cigarette, while Justin has just persuaded his girlfriend to sneak off to a VIP room for a "quickie" with him. According to Carnes (2001), and assuming Justin is a sex addict, which cycle of his addiction is he currently in? a. preoccupation with thoughts of sex b. ritualization of preparation for sex c. compulsive, uncontrollable sexual behavior d. despair

Which student is LEAST likely to have a sexual addiction? a. Beth, who drinks heavily on the weekends and has unprotected sex with the men she meets at parties, often without remembering any details about them in the morning. She feels guilty and ashamed of her behavior, but still engages in it. b. Theresa, who thinks about sex all the time and enjoys sex with her girlfriend as often as she can—usually twice a day, and sometimes three times on weekends. c. Jeff, who once had a passionate night of sex with a famous singer in London, and who now goes to concerts of any musical group with an attractive frontwoman, hoping to recreate the "high" of that experience. Jeff no longer seeks out the musician he had his first encounter with, because she sought a restraining order against him for stalking. d. JoEllen, who has had three STIs and two abortions in the past year, but who considers herself "sex positive" and does not believe she has a problem with her sexuality.

Which of the following students in your class has a definition of variant sexuality that does NOT contain a moral value judgment? a. Charles: "Sexual behavior is atypical if fewer than 5% of sexually active people do it." b. Neel: "Sexual deviance is every expression of sexual desire that does not correspond with the purpose of nature, i.e., procreation." c. Javariah: "Sexual perversions are behaviors that take place outside a loving relationship." d. Scott: "The sexually variant individual exhibits sexual arousal or responses to inappropriate people, objects, or activities."

Which of the following is NOT a factor that biological theorists think might have some role in the development of men with paraphilia? a. epilepsy b. differences in brain chemistry c. visual stimuli d. high levels of testosterone

Which of the following involves receiving pain and humiliation as the preferred or exclusive form of sexual arousal? a. sadism b. masochism c. sadomasochism d. bondage

Contemporary scientific views of sexuality categorize behavior as a. either perverted or morally sound. b. either deviant or common. c. either normal or abnormal. d. having different levels of degrees.

fetishistic disorder

a recurrent and intense sexual arousal manifested in fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving the use of nonliving objects or nongenital body parts

fetishistic disorder

are most fetishists male or female?

male

transvestic disorder

a paraphilia that involved recurrent and intense sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors involving crossdressing, which often causes significant distress

transvestic disorder

Sexual sadism disorder

a paraphilia that involves a recurrent and intense sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors involving the physical or psychological suffering of another person

Sexual sadism disorder

sadism

deriving sexual pleasure from administering or watching pain and humiliation

sadism

Sexual masochism disorder

a paraphilia that involves recurrent and intense sexual arousal from fantasies and behaviors involving the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or suffering in other ways

Sexual masochism disorder

masochism

deriving sexual pleasure from receiving pain or being humiliated

masochism

sadomasochism

broad term that refers to the receiving of sexual pleasure from acts involving the infliction or receiving of pain and humiliation

sadomasochism

dominant

"master" or "top"- active role

dominant

submissive

"slave" or "bottom"- passive role

submissive

flagellation

striking a partner, usually by whipping

flagellation

caning

beating someone with a rigid cane

caning

birching

whipping someone using the stripped branch of a tree

birching

scatophagia

sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors involving feces

scatophagia

urolagnia

sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors involving urine

urolagnia

infantilism

sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors involving being treated like a baby

infantilism

dominatrix

a woman who takes the dominant role in bondage and discipline behaviors with male or female submissives

dominatrix

exhibitionist

sexual arousal from exposing his or her genitals to an unexpecting stranger

exhibitionist

voyeur

sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting persons undressing or engaging in sex acts

voyeur

troilism

any sex session involving multiple partners, typically witnessed by others

troilism

pedophilia

sexual arousal from prepubescent or pubescent children, which usually causes stress or impairment in important areas of functioning

pedophilia

recidivism

a tendency to repeat crimes

recidivism

scatolophilia

sexual arousal from making obscene telephone calls

scatolophilia

Frotteurism

sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors that involve touching and/or rubbing genitals against a nonconsenting person in a crowded place

Frotteurism

TOCHEURISM

sexual arousal from fantasies or behaviors from touching strangers

TOCHEURISM

zoophilia

beastiality

zoophilia

necrophilia

sex with dead bodies

sex with dead boides

necrophilia

erotophonophiliac

sexual arousal from real or imagined acts of committing murder

erotophonophiliac

nymphomaniac

describes a woman who engages in frequent or promiscuous sex

nymphomaniac

satyriasis

describes men who engage in frequent or promiscuous sex

satyriasis

How is natural family planning thought of in the Philippines? a. It is thought to improve a couple's relationship. b. It is considered a sin. c. It is considered ineffective. d. It is thought of as being damaging to a family's unity.

Approximately what percentage of unintended pregnancies occurs because of contraceptive failures? a. 2% b. 25% c. 75% d. 50%

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of IUDs? a. possibility of partner discomfort b. risk of uterine perforation c. increased menstrual flow d. painful insertion and removal

Which of the following statements about birth control pills is FALSE? a. They contain synthetic hormones that replace a woman's natural hormones. b. They produce hormone levels similar to those that occur when a woman is pregnant. c. They usually are prescribed in a way that avoids menstruation during weekends. d. They increase the buildup of the endrometrium.

Approximately what fraction of women who have had an unwanted pregnancy by age 45 in the United States has had an abortion? a. one-fourth b. one-third c. one-half d. three-fourths

Which hormonal method of birth control offers the best protection against STIs? a. birth control pills b. the NuvaRing c. the Ortho Evra patch d. None of the hormonal methods offers any protection against STIs.

Which of the following combinations together would make a condom most likely to break? a. a latex condom and hand lotion b. a polyurethane condom and petroleum jelly c. a latex condom and K-Y jelly d. a lambskin condom and glycerine lotion

What is the LEAST common reason why couples seek emergency contraception? a. They did not use contraception. b. They relied on douching for contraception. c. They relied on breastfeeding for contraception. d. The woman was raped.

Which of the following methods is NOT a barrier method of birth control? a. the diaphragm b. condoms c. the contraceptive sponge d. the IUD

All of the following situations are likely to reduce a diaphragm's effectiveness EXCEPT a. using the same diaphragm before and after having children. b. using someone else's diaphragm. c. using a latex diaphragm with an oil-based lubricant. d. having sex with the diaphragm inserted even when the woman cannot feel its location in the vagina.

Which of the following statements is true about sterilization? a. Sterilization is the least common form of birth control in the United States. b. Sterilization is now easily reversible. c. Reversing sterilization is most often performed in men and women who have remarried and desire children with a new partner. d. Reversing sterilization is simple in men, but difficult in women.

Your friend Kyle and his girlfriend are using the CycleBeads contraceptive method. What type of birth control is this? a. a barrier method b. a hormonal method c. a natural method d. a chemical method

Which of the following statements about the 1873 Comstock Laws is TRUE? a. They were intended to ensure that all women had access to contraceptive information and devices. b. They allowed only doctors to provide information about contraceptive information and devices. c. They prohibited obscene materials, which included contraceptive information and devices. d. Margaret Sanger of Planned Parenthood worked with Congress to pass the laws.

What is the main difficulty that researchers face in developing immunocontraceptives for men? a. Sperm production can be reduced, but it does not return to normal when treatment is stopped. b. Men would have to take the drugs multiple times per day for them to be effective. c. Side-effects from these drugs include aggression, weight gain, acne, depression, and fatigue. d. Immunocontraceptives suppress both sperm and testosterone production, and would effectively destroy sexual desire.

Mifepristone works a. by blocking the development of progesterone, causing a breakdown of the uterine lining so that a pregnancy cannot be supported. b. by causing uterine contractions that expel the embryo. c. by stopping the development of the zygote. d. in conjunction with a surgical procedure.

Which of the following is NOT a natural method of contraception? a. abstinence b. withdrawal c. fertility awareness d. All of these are natural methods of birth control.

Which contraceptive method was first made available in 1982, then taken off the market in the United States in 1995, and then re-introduced in 2005? a. Norplant b. the Copper-T IUD c. the female (Reality Vaginal Pouch) condom d. the contraceptive sponge

Nathanael and Tyra have had two accidental pregnancies. They need a highly effective method of birth control, but because they are monogamous and free of infection, they do not need to worry about STIs. They have medical insurance now, because Nathanael is in school, but they will lose it soon, so they need an inexpensive method, if possible. They might like to have more children someday, so they don't want a permanent birth control method, but they want the best possible guarantee that Tyra won't get pregnant again by accident. What would you recommend for them? a. the birth control pill b. the birth control patch c. an IUD d. a vasectomy

Which of the following is NOT a contraceptive improvement that is being explored today? a. a pill for men that causes "dry orgasm" b. injectable implants for men c. contraceptive vaccines for men and women d. nonreversible vasectomies for men

Which of the following statements about birth control pills is TRUE? a. They increase the levels of a woman's own natural hormones. b. The bleeding that women experience while on the pill is medically induced and has no physiological benefit. c. They usually cause women to have heavier periods. d. The triphasil pills introduced in the 1990s have been found to be best for most women.

Used by themselves as a method of birth control, what is the typical-use effectiveness rate for spermicides? a. 80% b. 71% c. 92% d. 50%

All of the following make it more likely that a woman will have a severely negative psychological reaction to an abortion EXCEPT a. being older. b. being persuaded to have the abortion. c. having a strong religious or moral background. d. having a late-abortion procedure.

Which of the following statements about male sterilization is FALSE? a. It is simpler than female sterilization. b. It is less expensive than female sterilization. c. It is safer than female sterilization. d. It is more immediately effective than female sterilization.

Which of the following hormonal methods has been shown to lead to a decrease in bone density? a. the NuvaRing b. the minipill c. the patch d. Depo-Provera

how do barrier methods of contraception work?

by preventing the sperm from entering the uterus

if extra lubrication is needed with a latex condom what should be used?

water-based products

spermicide

chemical method of contraception that works to reduce the survival of sperm in the vagina

spermicide

what are the effectiveness rates for male condoms?

85-98%

what type of lubricants can be used with polyurethane condoms?

all types

postcoital drip

vaginal discharge after sexual intercourse

postcoital drip

cervical barriers

a plastic or rubber cover for the cervix that provides a contraceptive barrier to sperm

cervical barriers

diaphragms

a birth control device consisting of a latex dome on a flexible spring rim

diaphragms

cervical caps

a birth control device similar to a diaphragm, but smaller

cervical caps

contraceptive sponge

polyurethane sponge impregnated with spermicide, inserted into the vagina for contraception

contraceptive sponge

oral contraceptives

a preparation of synthetic female hormones that blocks ovulation

oral contraceptives

combination birth control pills

an oral contraceptive that contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone

combination birth control pills

monophasic

oral contraceptive that contains one level of hormones in all the active pills

monophasic

biphasic

oral contraceptive that contains two doses of hormones in the active pills

biphasic

triphasic

oral contraceptive that contains three doses of hormones in the active pills

triphasic

breakthrough bleeding

slight bloodloss from the uterus that may occur when a women is taking oral contraceptives

pelvic inflammatory disease

widespread infection of the female pelvic organs

NuvaRing

a small plastic contraceptive ring that is inserted into the vagina once a month and releases a constant dose of estrogen and progesterone

NuvaRing

Ortho Evra Patch

time-releases hormones into the bloodstream

Ortho Evra Patch

What is an immunocontraceptive? a. an infection or disease that causes infertility b. a vaccine that suppresses testicular function and eliminates sperm and testosterone production c. a vaccine that suppresses ovarian function and eliminates egg and estrogen production d. a hormonal implant that eliminates the possibility of pregnancy in women

The typical user of emergency contraception is a. under 25 with at least one child. b. over 30 with at least two children. c. between 30 and 35 with no children. d. between 15 and 25 with no children.

Which of the following natural contraceptive methods is 100% effective with typical use? a. withdrawal b. the symptothermal method c. the rhythm method d. abstinence

Which of the following statements about women who have undergone tubal sterilization is TRUE? a. The majority of them regret the decision. b. They have an increased risk of ovarian cancer. c. They have decreased sexual interest. d. They continue to ovulate.

Put the following contraceptive methods in correct chronological order by date of introduction. a. IUD, condoms, contraceptive sponge, birth control pill b. condoms, birth control pill, IUD, contraceptive sponge c. contraceptive sponge, IUD, condoms, birth control pill d. condoms, IUD, contraceptive sponge, birth control pill

The male contraceptive drug gossypol, which has been used for years in China, is derived from a. cottonseed oil. b. anticancer chemotherapy agents. c. testosterone. d. estrogen.

The most common psychological reaction reported by women immediately following abortion is a. relief. b. happiness. c. guilt. d. regret.

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of spermicides? a. They may lead to an increase in urinary tract infections. b. They can be expensive. c. Users can experience serious medical side effects. d. Some people have allergic reactions to them.

Anne's husband has just had a vasectomy. How long should he and Anne wait before they have intercourse without worrying about pregnancy? a. no waiting time in necessary b. approximately 1 week after the vasectomy c. approximately 12 weeks after the vasectomy d. approximately six months after the vasectomy

What is the approximate rate of effectiveness of IUDs? a. 58% to 60% b. 75% to 76% c. 88% d. 99%

Richard and his girlfriend are using the symptothermal method of birth control. Richard's girlfriend told him this morning that her temperature had risen 0.6 degrees Fahrenheit. What does this mean? a. She is about to menstruate, and is unlikely to get pregnant at this time. b. She is about to ovulate, and is likely to get pregnant at this time. c. She has just finished menstruating, and is unlikely to get pregnant at this time. d. She is about to ovulate, and is unlikely to get pregnant at this time.

Ryan is a strong advocate for abortion rights who is hoping to become a gynecologist and perform abortions for needy women. He wants to go to medical school in a state that has liberal abortion laws. Which state should he AVOID? a. Louisiana b. Maine c. California d. Washington

Your friend Heidi, who lives in Chicago, would like to use a female barrier method of birth control, but she doesn't want to see a gynecologist. Which of the following can she buy without seeing a doctor or other healthcare provider? a. a contraceptive sponge b. a diaphragm c. FemCap d. Lea's Shield

What is the effectiveness rate for sterilization? a. Female sterilization is 96% effective, while male sterilization is 90% effective. b. Male sterilization is 95% effective, while female sterilization is 89% effective. c. Both male sterilization and female sterilization are about 95% effective. d. Both male and female sterilization are between 99% and 99.9% effective.

Which of the following statements about the withdrawal method has recent research shown to be FALSE? a. It has high failure rates because of sperm contained in the pre-ejaculatory fluid. b. Pregnancy can occur if there is sperm remaining in the man's urethra from a previous ejaculation. c. It can contribute to premature ejaculation. d. It is a popular method with couples worldwide who cannot use another method for religious reasons.

Edward is trying to help his wife choose a hormonal birth control method. They want to have children someday, but not right now. If Edward wants to make sure that his wife can easily become pregnant when they do want to have a baby, which method should he advise her to avoid? a. Depo-Provera b. the NuvaRing c. birth control pills d. a subdermal implant

Which of the following is the LEAST effective method of birth control in typical use? a. spermicides b. withdrawal c. diaphragms d. IUDs

In which of the following countries is a woman of child-bearing age most likely to use birth control pills? a. Great Britain b. Japan c. the United States d. Russia

Which type of spermicide is most effective overall? a. jelly b. film c. foam d. All of these forms of spermicide are equally effective.

Leah and her boyfriend Jeff would like to protect themselves from STIs and also avoid pregnancy. Which of the following barrier methods would be best for them? a. a polyurethane or latex male condom b. a diaphragm c. a sponge d. a combination of a polyurethane or latex male condom and the female condom

What is the leading cause of condom breakage? a. using oil-based lubricants with latex condoms b. exposing the condom to heat c. lack of lubrication d. using a condom after the expiration date

Which of the following statements about men who have undergone vasectomy is TRUE? a. They no longer produce sperm. b. They produce both semen and sperm, but these are absorbed by the body; the men no longer ejaculate. c. They produce semen and sperm, but the sperm is absorbed by the body. The men still ejaculate semen. d. They no longer produce semen or sperm.

How long does it usually take to develop a new contraceptive drug? a. 1–2 years b. 5–10 years c. 10–14 years d. 15–20 years

Unit 3 Test Flashcards

Study for exam 3