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challenge and change! > Unit 3 Test review > Flashcards

Unit 3 Test review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Assistive Reproduction Technologies (ART)?

A

Burden of undergoing treatments or fertility drugs (physical side effects, psychological strain, expenditure of time)

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2
Q

Define Authoritarian Education.

A

Strict teacher-centered form of education (focused on student mastery of traditional subject matter)

This approach often prioritizes discipline and adherence to established curricula.

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3
Q

What is the Baby Boom?

A

Demographic phase that marks an increase of birth rates in a country and a corresponding population increase

This period typically refers to the years following World War II.

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4
Q

What does Baby Bust refer to?

A

A period of declining birth rates between 1966-1979

This trend was influenced by various social and economic factors.

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5
Q

Define Birth Rate.

A

Average number of births

Birth rate is often expressed per 1,000 individuals in a population.

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6
Q

What is a Cohort?

A

A group of individuals that share a common characteristic/experience (refers to a population group)

Cohorts are often used in demographic studies to analyze trends over time.

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7
Q

Who are Conformists?

A

A person who follows traditional standards of conduct

Conformists often adhere to societal norms and expectations.

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8
Q

What is Demography?

A

The study of human populations

Demography examines population size, distribution, and trends.

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9
Q

Define Echo Boom.

A

Demographic phase of an population increase of people born during the post-World War II baby boom

This generation is often referred to as the children of the Baby Boomers.

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10
Q

What are economic immigrants?

A

Immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada’s economy

Economic immigrants are often skilled workers or professionals.

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11
Q

What is the family class in immigration?

A

People who are sponsored by a close relative to come to Canada

This category facilitates family reunification.

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12
Q

Define fertility.

A

Refers to actual reproduction

It indicates the culmination of reproductive capability.

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13
Q

What does fecundity denote?

A

The ability to reproduce (a girl reaches menarche, she is fecund)

Fecundity is a biological potential measure.

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14
Q

What are fertility rates?

A

Number of children had by women

This is often measured per 1,000 women of childbearing age.

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15
Q

What defines Generation X?

A

People born between 1946 and 1966, during post-world war II baby boom

Generation X is often characterized by its experience with economic shifts.

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16
Q

What is Generation Y?

A

People born between 1980 and 1995

Generation Y is also referred to as Millennials.

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17
Q

Define Generation Z.

A

People born after the mid 1990s

Generation Z is known for being digital natives.

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18
Q

What is immigration?

A

People who originated outside of foreign countries and come to live in one

Immigration can be voluntary or involuntary.

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19
Q

What is an immigrant?

A

A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country

Immigrants may seek better opportunities or safety.

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20
Q

What does involuntary childlessness refer to?

A

Couple of individuals that want to have children

This condition can arise due to various medical or social factors.

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21
Q

What is the infant mortality rate?

A

Number of infant deaths

The infant mortality rate is a critical indicator of the overall health of a society.

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22
Q

What does labeling theory describe?

A

Individuals can significantly influence their self-identity and behavior

Labeling theory often relates to how society’s labels affect individuals’ self-perception and actions.

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23
Q

What is materialism?

A

Belief that technological and economic factors are the most important in moulding a society

Materialism emphasizes the role of physical possessions and economic conditions in shaping social structures.

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24
Q

What is national debt?

A

Money borrowed by a country to finance government spending

National debt can impact a country’s economy and fiscal policies.

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25
What is natural decrease?
Negative population balance where a country's death rate exceeds its birth rate ## Footnote Natural decrease can lead to population decline and has implications for economic growth.
26
What is natural increase?
Birth rate exceeds its death rate ## Footnote Natural increase contributes to population growth.
27
What does net migration refer to?
Rate of a country's population is either decreasing or increasing ## Footnote Net migration can be positive (influx) or negative (outflux) and affects population dynamics.
28
What is a nuclear family?
Only a mother and father living with children ## Footnote The nuclear family is often contrasted with extended family structures.
29
What is a population pyramid?
Illustrations of a population by age groups and sex ## Footnote Population pyramids help visualize the demographic structure of a population.
30
What are proximate determinants?
Biological and behavioral factors that affect fertility ## Footnote Proximate determinants include factors like contraceptive use and maternal health.
31
What is progressive education?
Child-centered form of education ## Footnote Progressive education emphasizes experiential learning and the development of critical thinking skills.
32
What is REBELLION?
An act of violence organized by a community to alter the political system ## Footnote This term emphasizes collective action against existing political structures.
33
Define RECIDIVISM.
A person's relapse to a specific behaviour ## Footnote Often used in the context of criminal behavior.
34
What are REFUGEES?
A person who is forced to flee their country ## Footnote This can be due to war, persecution, or natural disasters.
35
What does RITUALISM refer to?
Practice of ritual ## Footnote This may involve repeated actions that hold cultural significance.
36
Define RETREATISM.
Rejection of goals and achieving those goals ## Footnote It represents a withdrawal from societal expectations.
37
What is SOCIAL DEVIANCE?
Behaviour that is recognized as violating expected rules and norms ## Footnote It includes actions that diverge from societal standards.
38
What are SOCIAL TRENDS?
Patterns of behaviour that are influenced by societal norms ## Footnote These trends reflect changes in societal values and behaviors.
39
What is SUBURBIA?
New residential areas built in an existing built-up area ## Footnote It often refers to the development of housing outside urban centers.
40
What are SUBURBIAN SOCIAL TRENDS?
Same definition as social trend ## Footnote These trends specifically pertain to suburban areas.
41
Who are the TWENTY SOMETHINGS?
Small group of people born between 1966 and 1979, during the so-called baby bust ## Footnote This demographic is often studied for its unique cultural and economic characteristics.
42
Define VOLUNTARY CHILDLESSNESS.
Couples who freely choose to remain childless ## Footnote This decision can be influenced by various personal and societal factors.
43
What is a WAR BRIDE?
European wives of Canadian soldiers who came ## Footnote This term also highlights the social and cultural impacts of war on family structures.
44
What is a WAR BRIDE?
European wives of Canadian soldiers who came to Canada with their husbands after World War II ## Footnote This term specifically refers to the women who married Canadian soldiers during or after the war and immigrated to Canada.
45
What does the term YOUTHQUAKE refer to?
A media term used during the late 1960s and early 1970s to describe the culture of protest which emerged among adolescent and young adult baby boomers ## Footnote This term encapsulated the significant social changes and movements driven by the younger generation during that era.
46
Which disciplines study the effects of demographics?
* Anthropologists * Psychologists * Sociologists ## Footnote Each discipline has its unique focus: anthropologists study cultural impacts, psychologists focus on individual effects, and sociologists examine families and social institutions.
47
What are some physical and environmental factors affecting changes in fertility rates?
* Rapid spread of sexually transmitted diseases * Decline in sperm counts in men living in developed countries * Women delaying motherhood after their careers are established ## Footnote These factors highlight the complex interplay between health, societal norms, and personal choices.
48
What social and cultural factor is linked to fecundity?
The link between breastfeeding and fecundity ## Footnote Breastfeeding has been associated with increased fertility rates in various studies.
49
What is the link between breastfeeding and fecundity?
Breastfeeding can influence fecundity levels
50
What cultural factors affect fecundity?
Age at menarche and age upon marriage
51
Define fecundity.
The biological capacity to reproduce
52
What emotions are commonly experienced when coping with infertility?
* Guilt * Sadness * Loss of control * Anger * Isolation * Depression
53
How does coping with infertility compare to grief?
Emotions are similar to grieving a death
54
List options for overcoming infertility.
* Accepting a child-free life * Adoption * ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology)
55
What does ART stand for in the context of overcoming infertility?
Assisted Reproductive Technology
56
What impact did the baby boomers have on Canadian schools?
Increased pressure on infrastructure, overcrowded schools, split school days
57
What financial burden did Canada face in educating baby boomers?
Tremendous amount of national debt
58
How has the median age in Canada changed over the last 100 years?
It has continually increased from 23 years old in 1901
59
Fill in the blank: The feeling of putting life on hold due to infertility is associated with a loss of _______.
control
60
What is demography?
The study of human populations
61
What is Materialism
a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values
62
Immigration in Canada? What is the point system?
A grading scale that has a max of 100 points that grades an immigrant on their age, adaptability, English/French speaking skills, etc. They have to reach 60 points. There are three groups: Family class, refugees and economic immigrants
63
What are some of the countries people immigrate from today?
India, China, Philippines, Nigeria
64
How does Population change?
Immigration rates, birth rates and death rates
65
What characteristics/points are from those from the Baby Boom Generation? When was this generation?
1946-1966 (yuppies, dinks, gen X)
66
What characteristics/points are from those from the Generation X? When was this generation?
With baby boomers 1960-1966 – good life/work balance, grew up surrounded by materialism. However, as a group, they reject materialism and see it as meaningless and boring. Difficulty finding jobs as older baby boomers were stealing them. Because of this, they couldn't move out, so they lived with their parents for a longer time.
67
What characteristics/points are from those from the Generation Y? When was this generation?
1980-1995. The children that are born during the WWII post babyboom
68
What characteristics/points are from those from the Generation Z? When was this generation?
1996-2011. The internet generation is growing up with technology. Very different life growing up was very different compared to other generations. This gen has what previous generations didn't have e.g. Social media
69
What were the two types of education styles?
Authoritarian style: viewed students as empty vases that needed to be filled, all expected to do/learn the exact same thing Progressive education: based upon the assumption that students need to learn in an interesting way
70
What is the culture of fertility like in various countries around the world?
China had the one child rule. Israel culture, not being able to have a kid is seen as tragic, more fertility clinics in isreal than any other country. Ghana views marriages without children as incomplete
71
Who are the Hutterites and what are they known for in Canada?
People of the Amish communities are known for high fertility rates

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