Unit 3 Test: World War I Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
Who were part of the Triple Entente?
A
England, France, Russia etc.
2
Q
Who were part of the Triple Alliance?
A
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy/Ottoman Empire
3
Q
Who were neutral in the war?
A
Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, USA (1917)
4
Q
What was the spark of WWI?
A
- Serbia was controlled by Austria-Hungary
- ArchDuke Ferdinand is assassinated by Black Hand Terrorist group
- Gavrilo Princip assassinates the ArchDuke
5
Q
What are the 4 important words of this unit?
A
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
- Militarism
- Balance of power system
6
Q
What is Imperialism?
A
a nation’s attempt to gain control of weaker nations
7
Q
What is Nationalism?
A
extreme loyalty to a nation & concern for its welfare
8
Q
What is Militarism?
A
a nation’s policy to maintain strong armed forces
9
Q
What is Balance of Power System?
A
making alliances with other countries
10
Q
What was the Von Schlieffen Plan?
A
- In case of the outbreak of the war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia
- Counterclockwise attack
- Germany fights two front war
- A man named Von Schlieffen creates this plan to stop Germany from splitting in half for war
11
Q
Doughboys:
A
Americans were known as doughboys, because they were fresh into the war on 1917 and innocent
12
Q
Who was the first to use poison gas in warfare?
A
Germany in 1915
13
Q
What was 60% of battlefield casualties caused by?
A
exploding shells and artillery fire
14
Q
What also killed a lot of soldiers either than poison gas?
A
Disease & Famine
15
Q
What was the life expectancy in the trenches?
A
6 weeks
16
Q
What were some key battles of WWI?
A
- Verdun 1916: France
- Somme 1916: France
- Gallipoli 1916: Ottoman Empire
- Passchendaele 1917: Belgium
17
Q
What happened with the Lusitania?
A
- German submarine torpedoes the British passenger ship Lusitania
18
Q
How many people were killed in the Lusitania?
A
1,198 passengers, 128 Americans
19
Q
When did the Germans attack the Lusitania?
A
May 17, 1915
20
Q
What was the Lusitania carrying?
A
4 million rounds of ammunition
21
Q
What was the Lusitania set sailed to do?
A
the ship set sail to England and back to bring weaponry and artillery from America to England
22
Q
Why did the Germans decide to attack the Lusitania?
A
Germans did not like the fact that the US was selling weapons to England as well as the Germans at the same time
23
Q
What was the Christmas Truce of December 1914 on the Western Front?
A
- Soldiers from both sides met up together for Christmas
- They played soccer, smoked cigarettes, & exchanged food & gifts
- Held this in Belgium, border of France
24
Q
What was Wilson’s 3 P’s?
A
- Preparedness
- Peace
- Prosperity
25
Who was Vlaimir Lenin?
Lenin overthrows the Romanov dynasty and turns Russia into a communist country
26
What does Lenin promise the Russian people?
- Peace
- Land
- Bread
27
How does Lenin's control over Russia effect WWI?
- Allied powers lose the Eastern Front
- People now beg for US to help allied powers
28
What was the Sussex Pledge?
- promise made by Germany to the US in 1916
- said that they would cease passenger ship attacks without warning
29
Why was the US Team British and not Team Germany?
- American Economic Interests
- American Idealism
- American Security
30
What was the Spark of US Entry in WWI?
- UK intercepts telegram about Germany's plan which was for Mexico to attack the US
- This telegram was sent to Wilson and was published in US newspapers
- Wilson now asks Congress to declare war
31
What does AEF stand for?
American Expeditionary Force
32
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Head of Germany
33
Otto Von Mismark
Head of German Army
34
Arthur Zimmerman
State Secretary for Foreign Affairs for Germany
35
Barron Manfred Von Richthoven
Red Baron (top pilot in German air force)
36
Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
heir to the Austria-Hungary throne (son of Habsburg)
37
Kaiser Franz Joseph Habsburg
ruler of Austria Hungary
38
Czar Nicholas II
Leader of Russia
39
Romanoff
Dynasty of Russia, ruled for over 300 years
40
Vladimir I. Lenin
overthrew the Romanoff Dynasty and ruled Russia
41
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
42
David Lloyd George
Prime Minister of England (heads Congress)
43
George V
King of England
44
Poincare
President of France
45
Georges Clemenceau
Key negotiator of France
46
Vittorio Orlando
Key negotiator of Italy
47
King Victor Emanuel
Head of Italy
48
Woodrow Wilson
President of US
49
Marhal Foch
US General
50
John J. "Black Jack" Pershing
US Gerneral
51
What year did WWI start and end in?
1914-1918
52
What new technologies and weapons were introduced during this war?
machine guns, tanks, poison gas, flamethrower, potato smasher
53
What were the major events that brought America into WWI?
- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by Germany
- Zimmerman Note
- Sussex Pledge by Germany
- Sinking of the Lusitania
- Freedom of the Seas
54
What was the final event that pushed US on the edge to declare war?
Zimmermann telegram
55
How did Americans back in the home front help contribute in WWI?
- Liberty Bonds
- War Industries Board
- Draft
56
What were Liberty Bonds?
- a war bond that was sold in the US to support the allied cause
- this loaned the government money to help pay for the costs of wartime military operations
57
What was the War Industries Board?
a- federal agency created by Wilson to ensure adequate and efficient production of wartime supplies once the US officially enters into WWI
- also help coordinate the purchase of war supplies between Army and Navy department
58
What was the War Labor Board?
- peacefully settled labor disputes in order to prevent strikes in war industries
- mediated the conflicts between labor and industry
59
What was the Shipping Board?
task was to increase the # of US ships supporting the WWI efforts
60
What was the Selective Service Act of 1917?
All males between 21-30 were required to register for the draft
61
How did the US finance the war?
- Income Tax
- Excise Tax
- Liberty Bonds
62
What is income tax?
tax levied by a government directly on income, especially an annual tax on personal income
63
What is excise tax?
an indirect tac on specific goods, services and activities
64
What was the Treaty of Brest-Liitovsk?
a peace treaty signed between the Soviet Russia and Central Powers to exit Russia out of WWI
65
What was the Espionage Act of 1917?
sought to track down on wartime activities considered dangerous and disloyal
66
What was the Sedition Act of 1918?
it was for anyone who was found guilty of criticizing the government's war policy or hindering wartime directives could be sent to jail
67
What were the African-American positions at the time?
they flocked northward in greater numbers in the hope of winning industry jobs
68
Who were the Big 4 Countries and People?
- England (David Lloyd George)
- USA (Woodrow Wilson)
- France (Georges Clemenceau) → “The Tiger”
- Italy (Vittorio Orlando)
69
What did the British want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Wants to maintain status as #1 in the world
- Wants Germany to pay for war
70
What did the Italians want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Wants land in Europe
- Wants land overseas
71
What did the Americans want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Wants to create a “just and lasting peace”
- Wilson’s 14 Points
72
What did the French want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Make Germany pay for war
- Want to take back industrial basin in Germany (Alsace-Lorraine)
- Does not want Germany to produce any more weapons and technology
- France wants to take over overseas German colonies
73
What were 5/14 Wilson's Points?
- League of Nations
- Freedom of the Seas
- No Secret treaties
- Free Trade
- End of Militarism
74
What were 5 things that was part of the Treaty of Versailles?
1. Germany loses all colonies overseas
2. Germany can not have any military weapons or technology
3. The map of Europe will be redrawn by the Allies
4. League of Nations
5. Germany must admit sole responsibility of WWI
75
How did the Allied powers punish Germany?
- War Guilt
- Reparations
- Reduction of Germany
- Loss of Alsace & Lorraine
- Loss of colonies to Allies
76
What were WWI's long lasting legacies?
- Woman taking over men jobs and home-front which allows for women to later vote
- technology and medical advancements
- led to the fall of the 4 great imperial countries (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, Britain)
77
What were the overall results of WWI?
- 10 million killed and 20 million wounded
- cost of war was over $350B
- Communism in Russia
- Economic woes bring Great Depression
- Changing map of Europe
- USA emerged as leading world power
78
Key Points of WWI
- 1914 - 1918
- Triple Alliance and Central Powers
- USA enters in 1917
- Peace Treaty is signed in 1919
