Unit 3 Topic 1

Question 1

Classify the ranks of the linnaean system

Answer 1

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

What is CLassificatin and why is it useful?

Answer 2

The systematic grouping of both organisms and ecosystems
- This enbales a consistent understanding of the relationships, evolution, and diversity of living things

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

a group of organisms that can interbreed or mate with one another to produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 4

Interspecific Hybrids

Answer 4

The offspirng of 2 different species, they are infertile

Question 5

R-Selection

Answer 5

Reproduction from R-strategists
-Large number of offspring
- Low survivability rate
- Little parent investment
- Can reproduce once
- Mature earlier
- Lower life expectancy
- T3 survival
- Smaller

Question 6

K-Selection

Answer 6

Reproduction from K-Strategists
-Small number of offspring
- High survivability rate
- High parent investment
- Reproduce multiple times
- Mature later
- Higher life expectancy
- T1 and 2 survival
- Larger

Question 7

Taxonomy

Answer 7

Grouping or classifying organisms according to the features they possess.

Question 8

Phylogeny

Answer 8

Comparing genetic sequences and molecular structures
- Is used to classify evolutionary relatedness

Question 9

4 Species interactions

Answer 9

Predation
Competition
Symbiosis
Disease

Question 10

Predation

Answer 10

Involves a predator - prey relationship.
Prey numbers regulate predator numbers, but the presence of predators can impact ecosystem dynamics.

Question 11

Competition

Answer 11

A relationship between organisms that use the same resources, and negatively affects both participants.

Question 12

Symbiosis

Answer 12

A relationship between species with at least one member benefitting.

1. Mutualism- both organisms benefit
2. Commensalism- One organism benefits one is unaffected.
3. Parasitism- One organism benefits other one is harmed.

Question 13

Disease

Answer 13

Involves the harm to a living thing and can involve interaction between a pathogen and a host

Question 14

Classification can be based on

Answer 14

Similarity of features
(linnean system)
Methods of Reproduction
(Asexual, sexual, R, K)
Molecular Structure
(phylogeny)

Question 15

Clade

Answer 15

A group of organisms believed to comprise all the evolutionary descendants from one common ancestor

Question 16

usefulness of molecular evidence

Answer 16

If two species have similar DNA sequences, it is used as molecular evidence to state they shared a common ancestor.
- The rate of accumulation of mutations can be used to calculate how long ago organisms diverged

Question 17

assumptions of cladistics

Answer 17

Common Ancestory (organisms within a group shared a common ancestor)
Bifurcation (pattern: dividing branch into two)
Physical change (physical changes occur over time)

Question 18

Phylograms

Answer 18

Branch lengths proportional to amunt of evolutionary time

Question 19

Cladogram

Answer 19

More Simplistic then Phylogram
No time scale

Question 20

Ecosystem

Answer 20

a biological community of interacting oerganisms and their physical environment, including both abitoic and biotic features.

Question 21

Importance of old-growth forests

Answer 21

provide habitat for endangered species
Hold in lots of carbon dioxide
Long growth time

Question 22

importance of productive soils

Answer 22

Promote health of plants, animals and humans

Question 23

importance of coral reefs

Answer 23

supports marine animals
protect coastlines from storms and erosion
provides jobs and recreation

Question 24

Comapring ecosystems

Answer 24

Compared using scales
-species diversity indicies
-Spcecies interaction (Predation, Competition, Symbiosis, Disease)
-Abiotic factors (Climate, precipitation, oxygen levels, Soil type)

Question 25

stratified sampling

Answer 25

The breaking down of large populations, into similar subgroups and collects random samples as a representation of the whole population

Question 26

importance of stratified sampling

Answer 26

It is done to make estimates of the population as a whole Estimates Include: - Population desnity - Distribution - Environmental Gradients - Zonation - Stratification

Question 27

Ways to minimise Bias

Answer 27

Law of Large Numbers Random Number -Generator Counting Criteria Calibration of Equipment

Question 28

Measuring biodiversity

Answer 28

Genetic- variety of gene variations in gene pool Species- Variety of species present in an ecosystem Ecosystem- Variety of ecosystems and habitats in a given region/biome

Question 29

Enviromental Factors limiting distribution

Answer 29

Each species has a set of enviromental conditions called a tolerance range These conditions limit distribution and abundance of species

Question 30

Climate

Answer 30

Precipitation, wind, cloud cover, sunshine Warmer climates support biodiversity Colder Climates reduce biodiversity

Question 31

Water Quality

Answer 31

Marine and fresh water ecosystems rely on water quality Measurable factors include: Light, Depth, Turbity (Water Clarity), Oxygenation, temprature, water pH, water flow