Unit 3 + Unit 4 Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following statements about voting rights in the newly formed state governments is true?
A.)
Anyone who could vote in their own state could vote in national Congressional elections.
B.)
At least one state allowed women to vote under certain circumstances.
C.)
The majority of citizens had a vote in state governments.
D.)
Most states gave all men the right to vote as long as they were citizens.
A
At least one state allowed women to vote under certain circumstances.
2
Q
Which of the following best describes a republic?
A.)
A type of government in which leadership is passed down through inheritance
B.)
A type of government in which a strong central leader crafts policies for the citizenry
C.)
A type of government in which the people vote for representatives to make policies for them
D.)
A type of government in which the people vote directly on policies and the majority rules
A
A type of government in which the people vote for representatives to make policies for them
3
Q
How would a patriot suspicious of British tyranny most likely have viewed the government under the Articles of Confederation?
A.)
Unfavorably, because it placed too much power in the hands of a chief executive
B.)
Unfavorably, because it did not provide every state with representation in Congress
C.)
Favorably, because the national taxes imposed by the Articles erased the national debt
D.)
Favorably, because it united the states enough to win the war for independence
A
Favorably, because it united the states enough to win the war for independence
4
Q
Which of the following circumstances led in part to the drafting of a new Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation?
A.)
Many merchants were unable to meet their tax burdens and faced losing their businesses.
B.)
Shays’ Rebellion successfully overthrew the Massachusetts government.
C.)
There was a threat of another war with Britain and the need for a central military.
D.)
Discontent and violent unrest among the working class were present.
A
Discontent and violent unrest among the working class were present.
5
Q
Which of the following reasons most likely contributed to the Annapolis Convention’s failure?
A.)
More time was needed to settle disagreements over the status of enslaved people.
B.)
Uprisings in Massachusetts caused the convention to end earlier than planned.
C.)
The majority of working-class voters wanted a democracy, not a republic.
D.)
Over half of the original states didn’t even send delegates to participate.
A
Over half of the original states didn’t even send delegates to participate.
6
Q
The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, settled which of the following disputes?
A.)
Whether more populous states should have greater representation in the legislature
B.)
Whether farmers who participated in Shays’ Rebellion should be relieved of their debts
C.)
Whether enslaved people should be counted toward the represented population of their state
D.)
Whether the president should be elected by popular vote or chosen by the legislature
A
Whether more populous states should have greater representation in the legislature
7
Q
Which of the following statements best represents the Federalist viewpoint?
A.)
“The wealthy and elite will use power to further their own interests at our expense.”
B.)
“The United States under the proposed Constitution will become too similar to England.”
C.)
“A strong, central government will most effectively protect the rights of all its citizens.”
D.)
“This proposed federal government is little different from being ruled by the British.”
A
“A strong, central government will most effectively protect the rights of all its citizens.”
8
Q
Which of the following statements best represents a point of agreement between Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
A.)
“We want a form of government that contains a bill of rights to best protect individual liberty.”
B.)
“We want a form of government that will use checks and balances to prevent mob rule.”
C.)
“We want a form of government that will favor the working class, not the aristocracy.”
D.)
“We want a form of government that will prevent tyranny, from which we just escaped.”
A
“We want a form of government that will prevent tyranny, from which we just escaped.”
9
Q
Which of the following statements best represents the Anti-Federalist viewpoint?
A.)
“Checks and balances will adequately protect individuals and states from tyranny.”
B.)
“A centralized government will enable us to become a respected, independent nation.”
C.)
“Power should be concentrated in the hands of state governments to best protect the majority from tyranny.”
D.)
“We must accept and ratify the Constitution that was written in Philadelphia.”
A
“Power should be concentrated in the hands of state governments to best protect the majority from tyranny.”
10
Q
Which statement most accurately reflects the views of Alexander Hamilton?
A.)
“The Constitution does not give Congress the authority to assume state debts.”
B.)
“To improve our nation’s reputation with creditors, we must pay all debts at face value.”
C.)
“It is unfair to require taxpayers in one state to help pay the debt of another state.”
D.)
“It is unnecessary for the debts accrued during the war to be honored at all.”
A
“To improve our nation’s reputation with creditors, we must pay all debts at face value.”
11
Q
Which statement most accurately reflects the views of Thomas Jefferson?
A.)
“We must correct income inequality to stabilize and strengthen the nation’s economy.”
B.)
“Our economic success, and the endurance of our republic, depends on landowning citizens.”
C.)
“Congress must establish a national bank to stabilize the economy and support commercial interests.”
D.)
“To strengthen our economy, I propose that the national government pay the states’ debts.”
A
“Our economic success, and the endurance of our republic, depends on landowning citizens.”
12
Q
The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution as the result of disputes between which two people/groups?
A.)
The legislative branch and the executive branch
B.)
The Senate and the House of Representatives
C.)
The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists
D.)
Hamilton and Jefferson
A
The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists
13
Q
Why was the election of 1800, in which Thomas Jefferson succeeded John Adams, considered a “revolution”?
A.)
It ended in an unprecedented tie between Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson that had to be decided by a duel.
B.)
President Adams was overthrown by military leaders and removed from office for his support of the Alien and Sedition Acts.
C.)
After a contested election and a tense decade, it marked the peaceful transition of power from one political party to another.
D.)
It led to a duel in which Alexander Hamilton was killed.
A
After a contested election and a tense decade, it marked the peaceful transition of power from one political party to another.
14
Q
What was John Adams’s response to challenges to federal authority during his administration?
A.)
Refusing to run for a second term in the election of 1800
B.)
Drafting a resolution stating that laws that violated constitutional rights could be nullified
C.)
Signing laws that limited immigrants’ rights and set penalties for criticizing the government
D.)
Creating the Democratic-Republican party to oppose Thomas Jefferson and his supporters
A
Signing laws that limited immigrants’ rights and set penalties for criticizing the government
15
Q
On what grounds did Thomas Jefferson and James Madison oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts?
A.)
They believed the acts violated the First Amendment right to free speech.
B.)
They believed the acts explicitly criminalized the formation of political parties.
C.)
They believed the acts were designed to favor the working class at the expense of the rich.
D.)
They believed the acts violated the separation of church and state.
A
They believed the acts violated the First Amendment right to free speech.
16
Q
Historians interpret the Constitutional Convention in different ways and through different lenses.
Which of the following statements would most historians likely agree on?
A.)
The Constitution represented the best interest of all Americans, regardless of race, class, or gender.
B.)
The Constitution was an inevitable and necessary continuation of the revolution against tyranny.
C.)
The Constitution has thus far stood the test of time, albeit with some amendments.
D.)
The Constitution created a tyrannical government that favored social and economic elites.
A
The Constitution has thus far stood the test of time, albeit with some amendments.
17
Q
Which of the following statements supports the argument that the Constitutional Convention was an “ongoing revolution”?
A.)
The system of checks and balances within the three branches of government would prevent any single interest from forming a tyrannical majority.
B.)
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention sought to create a national government that would primarily support the interests of business, investments, and the elite.
C.)
The Constitutional Convention disregarded the Articles of Confederation and attempted to repel the democratic movements occurring in the states.
D.)
The majority of members of Congress were not interested in and did not support the creation of a totally new national government.
A
The system of checks and balances within the three branches of government would prevent any single interest from forming a tyrannical majority.
18
Q
Which of the following statements supports the argument that the Constitutional Convention was a “conservative coup d’état?”
A.)
The creation of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government was sufficient to protect the interests of all Americans.
B.)
Delegates did their utmost to preserve American independence and the ideals of republicanism.
C.)
The Constitutional Convention was a necessary attempt to defend the American Revolution against failure.
D.)
The Constitutional Convention bypassed the procedures outlined in the Articles of Confederation for amending the government.
A
The Constitutional Convention bypassed the procedures outlined in the Articles of Confederation for amending the government.
19
Q
Which of the following statements about the French Revolution expresses the viewpoint of many Democratic-Republicans?
A.)
“We must support Great Britain if we want to maintain trade relations.”
B.)
“We fear this radicalism may inspire uprisings in America.”
C.)
“The policies embraced by our opposing party will lead the United States to anarchy.”
D.)
“We must support the French, whose struggle for liberty mirrors our own.”
A
“We must support the French, whose struggle for liberty mirrors our own.”
20
Q
What was an effect of Jay’s Treaty on the United States?
A.)
It helped to unify American politics and mend some of the rifts that had developed in the 1790s.
B.)
It formally allied the United States with Great Britain in Britain’s war with France.
C.)
It exacerbated tensions between the Democratic Republicans and Federalists.
D.)
It ended trade relations between the United States and Great Britain.
A
It exacerbated tensions between the Democratic Republicans and Federalists.
21
Q
Which of the following events most directly led to the Barbary Wars?
A.)
Thomas Jefferson refused to increase U.S. tribute to Tripoli.
B.)
Jay’s Treaty sought repayment for captured American ships.
C.)
Stephen Decatur raided Tripoli’s harbor on behalf of the United States.
D.)
Genêt encouraged Americans to attack British and Spanish territory.
A
Thomas Jefferson refused to increase U.S. tribute to Tripoli.
22
Q
When Thomas Jefferson referred to Western expansion and the “empire of liberty,” what did he mean?
A.)
Native Americans should be allowed to maintain their tribal territories.
B.)
Americans should move westward to expand republican principles.
C.)
Western landowners should agree to some oversight from the government.
D.)
New western territories should remain forever closed to slavery.
A
Americans should move westward to expand republican principles.
23
Q
Which of the following complicated Jefferson’s ability to create an “empire of liberty” in the West?
A.)
The Northwest Ordinance, which established a process for new states to join the union
B.)
Land ordinances, which subdivided land for sale
C.)
Slave owners, who eyed western lands for the production of cash crops
D.)
The Louisiana Purchase, which added millions of acres of new land
A
Slave owners, who eyed western lands for the production of cash crops
24
Q
Which of the following would Jefferson have viewed as a positive effect of westward expansion in the early 19th century?
A.)
Rapid industrialization in areas west of the Mississippi River
B.)
A better understanding of Native American culture and society
C.)
The ability to become an independent farmer and landowner
D.)
Increased debates over the spread of slavery
A
The ability to become an independent farmer and landowner
25
Which of the following was a result of the War of 1812?
A.)
A sharp decrease in Native American resistance in the Northwest Territory
B.)
The practice of impressment, whereby captured Americans were forced into the Royal Navy
C.)
The purchase of Louisiana from France
D.)
A slump in American nationalism and pride
A sharp decrease in Native American resistance in the Northwest Territory
26
Which of the following led in part to the War of 1812?
A.)
A renewed alliance between the United States and France
B.)
The attack on Washington, D.C. by the British
C.)
William Henry Harrison’s successful invasion and capture of Canada
D.)
Suspicion of British involvement with Native American unrest in the Ohio River Valley
Suspicion of British involvement with Native American unrest in the Ohio River Valley
27
Which of the following events did the most to spur the development of industrialized textile manufacturing in the early United States?
A.)
The transition of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans
B.)
The organization of primitive labor unions in towns like Lowell, Massachusetts
C.)
The American Revolution
D.)
The Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812
The Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812
28
Which of the following statements about the putting-out system is true?
A.)
The putting-out system benefited farm families, who came to dominate the economy but at the expense of merchants, who had to find new ways to earn profits.
B.)
The putting-out system benefited merchants, who were able to cut down on production costs, but at the expense of farm families, who could not compete.
C.)
The putting-out system took a toll on both farm families and merchants, who had to work more to make less, but it helped the nation compete with Britain.
D.)
The putting-out system benefited merchants, who were able to cut down on production costs, as well as farm families, who were able to earn extra income.
The putting-out system benefited merchants, who were able to cut down on production costs, as well as farm families, who were able to earn extra income.
29
Which of the following did many young women see as a negative aspect of working in the Lowell mills?
A.)
Employers kept in close communication with fathers, who still had complete authority over the young women.
B.)
Most young women were not emotionally prepared to be away from their families.
C.)
The women had to send all their wages home and could keep nothing for themselves.
D.)
The women worked 12-hour shifts and had very limited free time every day.
The women worked 12-hour shifts and had very limited free time every day.
30
Which of the following statements about the rise of democracy in the early 19th century is true?
A.)
Black men gradually earned the right to vote in many of the northern states between 1800 and 1838.
B.)
As voting rights became less strict, property ownership remained an essential qualification.
C.)
Massachusetts had the most liberal voting laws, as it let women vote before any other state.
D.)
Unmarried women were initially allowed to vote in New Jersey, but they lost that right in the early 19th century.
Unmarried women were initially allowed to vote in New Jersey, but they lost that right in the early 19th century.
31
How did western settlement in the early 19th century lead to more relaxed voting laws in the original states?
A.)
Western states’ use of liberal voting laws led to the Supreme Court forcing eastern states to guarantee the same rights for their citizens.
B.)
To promote western settlement, eastern states promised to relax their voting requirements for anyone who pledged to move.
C.)
As western states grew in population and power, they lobbied for a constitutional amendment that would grant voting rights to all citizens.
D.)
Western states used liberal voting laws to attract settlers, which put pressure on eastern states that didn’t want to lose too many people.
Western states used liberal voting laws to attract settlers, which put pressure on eastern states that didn’t want to lose too many people.
32
Which of the following quotations represents the principle of deference that influenced early American politics?
A.)
“A true republic requires the greatest number of voices.”
B.)
“All people should have the right to vote, regardless of race, class or gender.”
C.)
“Men of proven virtue should be empowered to lead the nation.”
D.)
“The property requirement to vote should be abolished.”
“Men of proven virtue should be empowered to lead the nation.”
33
Which of the following quotations best represents the cultural attitudes associated with the temperance movement?
A.)
“Religious rhetoric that emphasizes personal conversion reflects Revolutionary ideas about individualism.”
B.)
“Politics and public discourse must be reserved for only the most virtuous among us.”
C.)
“We must ban the excessive use of alcohol and protect society from its ill effects.”
D.)
“Campaigning against slavery has given us a public voice we lacked before now.”
“We must ban the excessive use of alcohol and protect society from its ill effects.”
34
Which of the following quotations best represents the cultural attitudes associated with the Second Great Awakening?
A.)
“We will use our recently-won right to vote to support or oppose specific people and programs.”
B.)
“Some aspects of society may be crumbling, but individual salvation is the key to reform.”
C.)
“Alcohol-related violence and public disturbances threaten the future of our nation.”
D.)
“We feel strongly that a democratic society cannot uphold racial enslavement as a principle.”
“Some aspects of society may be crumbling, but individual salvation is the key to reform.”
35
“We are taking on a more public role in civic life and extending our moral guardianship outwards from the home.”
Which cultural shift from the early 19th century does this quotation best represent?
A.)
The Second Great Awakening
B.)
The antislavery movement
C.)
Women’s activism
D.)
The temperance movement
Women’s activism
36
What was one significance of the “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824?
A.)
It prevented slavery north of a certain line but allowed it to expand in the South.
B.)
It angered voters who felt that the democratic process had been thwarted by elite interests.
C.)
It demonstrated that the Constitution wasn’t prepared to handle a presidential candidate not winning a majority of votes.
D.)
It resulted in a one-party political system that suppressed criticism and alternative ideas.
It angered voters who felt that the democratic process had been thwarted by elite interests.
37
What was one significance of the Election of 1824?
A.)
It was perceived as highly undemocratic by Andrew Jackson’s supporters.
B.)
It shifted the balance of power between northern free states and southern slave states.
C.)
It marked the emergence of women as a political force.
D.)
It showed a growing division among the people over the issue of slavery.
It was perceived as highly undemocratic by Andrew Jackson’s supporters.
38
What was one significance of the Missouri Compromise?
A.)
It demonstrated the ability of the common man to stand against the powerful.
B.)
It established rules for the expansion of slavery in the Louisiana Purchase.
C.)
It led to support for a one-party voting system and the death of the Federalist party.
D.)
It banned slavery from any territory west of the Mississippi, putting to rest the controversy over slavery.
It established rules for the expansion of slavery in the Louisiana Purchase.
39
Which of the following statements about political tensions during the Jackson administration is true?
A.)
Jackson sought to expand the power and scope of the federal government.
B.)
Jackson worked to promote national infrastructure like roads and canals.
C.)
Jackson made repealing tariffs a top priority for his administration.
D.)
Jackson rejected the idea of states’ rights to nullify federal law.
Jackson rejected the idea of states’ rights to nullify federal law.
40
Which of the following statements about the Tariff of 1828 is true?
A.)
It exacerbated regional tensions because southerners viewed it as benefitting northern manufacturers at their expense.
B.)
It was strongly condemned by John Quincy Adams’s administration, who viewed it as harmful to the American System.
C.)
It was universally supported because it was viewed as a benefitting the “common man.”
D.)
It was proposed by Andrew Jackson, who was invested in promoting domestic industry.
It exacerbated regional tensions because southerners viewed it as benefitting northern manufacturers at their expense.
41
Which of the following statements about the 1828 election is true?
A.)
Jackson was elected largely because of populous New England.
B.)
Jackson was elected without winning the popular vote.
C.)
Jackson was only elected after Adams dropped out of the race.
D.)
Jackson was elected to represent “the common man.”
Jackson was elected to represent “the common man.”
42
Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a Democrat during the Jacksonian era?
A.)
“Our party grew out of opposition to Andrew Jackson and his policies.”
B.)
“We are convinced that the national bank is popular with voters, and the president should bend to the will of the people.”
C.)
“The government’s right to establish a national bank is supported by the Constitution and is necessary for national economic stability.”
D.)
“A national bank is an institution that exists only for the benefit of elite businessmen and merchants.”
“A national bank is an institution that exists only for the benefit of elite businessmen and merchants.”
43
Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a supporter of Andrew Jackson?
A.)
“I believe government should be involved in social and moral causes.”
B.)
“We endorse federal support of internal improvements.”
C.)
“Some members of my party seek to improve the lives of those victimized by capitalism.”
D.)
“The federal government should not be used as an instrument of power for moneyed interests.”
“The federal government should not be used as an instrument of power for moneyed interests.”
44
Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a member of the Whig party?
A.)
“Many of our members support social and moral causes such as the temperance movement.”
B.)
“Our party has grown because of the elimination of property qualifications for voting for all men.”
C.)
“We continue to consider ourselves the defenders of the common man.”
D.)
“We do not believe that the federal government should be involved in engineering economic growth.”Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a member of the Whig party?
“Many of our members support social and moral causes such as the temperance movement.”
45
Which of the following was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century?
A.)
Agriculture and food production replaced industry as the backbone of the economy.
B.)
Northern states received huge sums of money from the federal government to build canals and turnpikes.
C.)
The invention and application of interchangeable parts significantly increased agricultural production.
D.)
Better transportation led to the growth of the countryside, as more people left the cities.
The invention and application of interchangeable parts significantly increased agricultural production.
46
Which of the following was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century?
A.)
Fewer people believed that citizens could self-improve through education and hard work.
B.)
Innovations and technological advancements raised the cost of consumer goods, making many of them too expensive for northern households.
C.)
The emergence of capitalism created a society in which wealth was shared equally.
D.)
Better transportation, along with the rise of capitalism, altered traditional modes of production.
Better transportation, along with the rise of capitalism, altered traditional modes of production.
47
Which of the following was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century?
A.)
Traditional methods of production became mechanized and integrated into factories.
B.)
The north abandoned free-labor ideology just as the ideology was gaining influence in the south.
C.)
North-to-south river trade routes gradually replaced east-to-west railroads and roads.
D.)
The construction of turnpikes allowed for even faster transport of goods and people than railroads did.
Traditional methods of production became mechanized and integrated into factories.
48
Which of the following statements about the southern economy before the Civil War is true?
A.)
The demand for cotton fell steadily throughout the first half of the 19th century, even though the southern economy depended on it.
B.)
“King Cotton” was a fictional Alabama plantation owner used in northern propaganda.
C.)
The construction of textile mills in the North increased demand for cotton from the South.
D.)
Slavery remained concentrated on the east coast because it was forbidden to spread west.
The construction of textile mills in the North increased demand for cotton from the South.
48
Which of the following statements reflects planter paternalism?
A.)
“If not subjugated, the African race will overrun this nation and take control of its government.”
B.)
“An overreliance on one type of worker will decrease wages and potential income for others.”
C.)
“Slavery benefits all white Southerners who share equally in the profits of the plantation economy.”
D.)
“We take care of our workers from birth until death, unlike other societies, which neglect their poor.”
“We take care of our workers from birth until death, unlike other societies, which neglect their poor.”
49
Which of the following statements about southern enslavers is true?
A.)
Most enslavers in the South recognized slavery as exploitative and contrary to liberty.
B.)
Many enslavers sold the people they enslaved because the cotton gin made coerced labor unnecessary for cotton production.
C.)
White Southerners who did not own enslaved people did not benefit from the system of slavery in the South.
D.)
Many enslavers argued that the people they enslaved were better off under their protection.
Many enslavers argued that the people they enslaved were better off under their protection.
50
Which of the following was a cause of Native American removal from the Southeast?
A.)
The death of thousands of Cherokee on the Trail of Tears.
B.)
Suspicions that the Cherokee were helping enslaved people escape from bondage.
C.)
The Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia
D.)
The emergence of some Native American tribes as sustainable economic competitors threatened White developers.
The emergence of some Native American tribes as sustainable economic competitors threatened White developers.
51
Which of the following was a cause of Native American removal from the Southeast?
A.)
Andrew Jackson supported Native Americans remaining in the southeast, but his party viewed them as a threat to state sovereignty.
B.)
The Cherokee Nation had petitioned the Supreme Court to declare it an autonomous nation.
C.)
Many Whites Americans perceived Native Americans as too uncivilized to ever truly assimilate.
D.)
The Cherokee Nation refused to adapt to the presence of White Americans in the region.
Many Whites Americans perceived Native Americans as too uncivilized to ever truly assimilate.
52
Which of the following was an effect of the Indian Removal Act on the Southeast?
A.)
Removing Native Americans from the Southeast opened up more areas for white agriculture.
B.)
Southern voters rejected Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party in the election of 1832.
C.)
Many Native Americans chose to be enslaved rather than be removed from their lands.
D.)
Native American culture and autonomy in the Southeast was preserved.
Removing Native Americans from the Southeast opened up more areas for white agriculture
53
Which statement best summarizes the “tyranny of the majority,” a concern shared by many Southerners in the early 19th century?
A.)
Enslaved people could organize and overthrow their enslavers, who were in the minority.
B.)
Interracial marriage could dilute the power of White Americans in the South.
C.)
A majority of Southerners sought to declare domestic slavery illegal.
D.)
An antislavery majority in Congress could harm the South’s economy.
An antislavery majority in Congress could harm the South’s economy.
54
Many thought that, by ending the United States’ participation in the international slave trade, slavery would gradually fade.
What was one reason slavery nonetheless continued to flourish in the South in the early 19th century?
A.)
Millions of enslaved people continued to be imported from abroad by smugglers.
B.)
Southern states threatened to secede from the Union if Congress passed any laws that harmed enslavers.
C.)
Polygenesis and other racist beliefs supported the secondary status of people of African descent.
D.)
Enslaved people continued to be purchased from British Canada, which was exempt from the Congressional ban.
Polygenesis and other racist beliefs supported the secondary status of people of African descent.
55
Which of the following statements about slavery in the early 19th century is true?
A.)
Slavery in the United States was made illegal in 1808, but Southern states ignored federal law.
B.)
After 1808, enslaved people could no longer buy their freedom.
C.)
Gradual emancipation was instituted in 1808 in the South to help its economy transition away from slavery.
D.)
The federal government abolished the international slave trade in 1808, but slavery expanded nonetheless.
The federal government abolished the international slave trade in 1808, but slavery expanded nonetheless.
56
Which form of resistance to slavery was the least common?
A.)
Hiding intelligence
B.)
Carrying out organized rebellion
C.)
Sabotaging work
D.)
Faking illness or injury
Carrying out organized rebellion
57
Why were attempted rebellions among enslaved people so rare?
A.)
There was nowhere to escape to after the rebellion.
B.)
Enslaved people didn’t realize how much their enslavers feared rebellions.
C.)
Enslavers were careful to prevent any communication among those they enslaved.
D.)
The consequences of failure were overwhelmingly dire.
The consequences of failure were overwhelmingly dire.
58
Which of the following statements about resistance to enslavement is true?
A.)
Over half of all enslaved persons attempted to escape at some point.
B.)
Most enslaved people refused to worship the Christian God of their enslavers.
C.)
Enslaved people hiding their intelligence from their enslavers was a common form of resistance.
D.)
Running away from one's enslaver was almost never attempted.
Enslaved people hiding their intelligence from their enslavers was a common form of resistance.
59
Which of the following groups was most likely to support colonization as a response to slavery?
A.)
Free African Americans living in the Northern states who were fighting to end slavery
B.)
Elite, influential Americans who viewed enslaved people of African descent as innately inferior
C.)
Quakers and Protestants who believed that slavery was a moral evil and a threat to the nation’s soul
D.)
Militant abolitionists who rejected the pace of gradual emancipation
Elite, influential Americans who viewed enslaved people of African descent as innately inferior
60
Which of the following groups was most likely to oppose slavery for reasons associated with free labor ideology?
A.)
Southern plantation owners who felt they could do better economically if slavery ended
B.)
Northern, middle-class White Americans who wanted to prevent the spread of slavery in the West
C.)
Free and formerly enslaved people of African descent, who believed that slavery was a moral threat to the nation
D.)
Female antislavery activists motivated by Christian morality
Northern, middle-class White Americans who wanted to prevent the spread of slavery in the West
61
Which of the following groups was most likely to support the immediate abolition of slavery?
A.)
Southerners who didn’t own enslaved people, and believed slavery gave the wealthy unfair advantages
B.)
Politicians who thought it would be better to remove people of African descent from the United States altogether
C.)
Laborers in the North who were afraid the presence of slavery would harm their own prospects
D.)
Participants in movements characteristic of the Second Great Awakening
Participants in movements characteristic of the Second Great Awakening
62
“Slavery is a moral evil. Free women cannot sit idly by while this institution continues to exist.”
Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?
A.)
The Seneca Falls Convention
B.)
The abolition movement
C.)
The separate spheres ideology
D.)
Republican motherhood
The abolition movement
63
“Women ought to effect change not through public campaigns, but by guiding their children and supporting their husbands.”
Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?
A.)
The Underground Railroad
B.)
The Seneca Falls Convention
C.)
The separate spheres ideology
D.)
The abolition movement
The separate spheres ideology
64
“Women require the right to vote so that their voices are heard.”
Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?
A.)
Republican motherhood
B.)
The Seneca Falls Convention
C.)
The Underground Railroad
D.)
The separate spheres ideology
The Seneca Falls Convention
65
“Believing, as we do, that men should never do evil that good may come; that a good end does not justify wicked means in the accomplishment of it; and that we ought to suffer, as did our Lord and his apostles, unresistingly—knowing that vengeance belongs to God, and he will certainly repay it where it is due—believing all this, and that the Almighty will deliver the oppressed in a way which we know not, we deprecate the spirit and tendency of this Appeal . . . . We do not preach rebellion—no, but submission and peace.”
How would Nat Turner have likely responded to this view on abolitionism?
A.)
Turner would have viewed abolitionists as doing more harm to his cause than good.
B.)
Turner would have rejected Garrison’s belief in a Christian God.
C.)
Turner would have approved of Garrison’s goal but not his method of achieving it.
D.)
Turner would have agreed with Garrison’s call for a nonviolent movement to end slavery.
Turner would have approved of Garrison’s goal but not his method of achieving it.
66
“We do not preach rebellion—no, but submission and peace. Our enemies may accuse us of striving to stir up the slaves to revenge but their accusations are false, and made only to excite the prejudices of the whites, and to destroy our influence.”
Whom might “our enemies” refer to in this excerpt?
A.)
Free African Americans
B.)
White Southerners
C.)
White abolitionists
D.)
Female abolitionists
White Southerners
67
“There is also some reason to believe, those preachers . . . have been the channels through which the inflammatory papers and pamphlets, brought here by the agents and emissaries from other states, have been circulated amongst our slaves.”
Which of the following people most likely said this quote?
A.)
A formerly enslaved person discussing the importance of religion to rebellion.
B.)
A Northern abolitionist convincing churches to distribute antislavery literature
C.)
A violent revolutionary calling for churches to rise up against slavery
D.)
A slaveowner blaming Northern abolitionists for rebellions in the South
A slaveowner blaming Northern abolitionists for rebellions in the South
68
“The peoples of the West will be better off with American culture and progress.”
Which element of manifest destiny is reflected in this statement?
A.)
Capitalism
B.)
Safety valve
C.)
White supremacy
D.)
Divine mission
White supremacy
69
“Americans looking for new opportunities can head West, where they can find economic success.”
Which element of manifest destiny is reflected in this statement?
A.)
White supremacy
B.)
Safety valve
C.)
Divine mission
D.)
Republicanism
Safety valve
70
“Our way of government is destined to stretch from sea to sea and one day encompass all of North America.”
Which element of manifest destiny is reflected in this statement?
A.)
White supremacy
B.)
Safety valve
C.)
Capitalism
D.)
Divine mission
Divine mission
71
Select the answer that places the following events from the 1840s in the correct chronological order:
A. The Free Soil Party was organized to exclude slavery from Western territories.
B. The United States declared the Rio Grande river as the border between Texas and Mexico.
C. Congress formally declared war on Mexico.
A.)
C, B, A
B.)
A, C, B
C.)
C, A, B
D.)
B, C, A
B, C, A
72
Select the answer that places the following events in the correct chronological order:
A. This proposed amendment to an appropriation bill would have outlawed slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico.
B. The Free Soil Party ran its first candidate for president.
C. The United States annexed Texas.
A.)
A, C, B
B.)
B, A, C
C.)
C, B, A
D.)
C, A, B
C, A, B
73
Select the answer that places the following events from the 1840s and 1850s in the correct chronological order:
A. The boundary between Canada and the United States in the Oregon Territory is settled.
B. James K. Polk is elected president as a champion of westward expansion.
C. The United States acquired almost all of Mexico’s northern territories west of the Rio Grande.
B, A, C
74
Prior to the Compromise of 1850, what was the legal status of slavery under California’s state constitution?
A.)
It was completely illegal.
B.)
It was completely legal.
C.)
It was left to the federal government to decide.
D.)
It was legal but subject to strict regulation.
It was completely illegal.
75
Many Northerners resisted the Compromise of 1850 because they believed it forced them to become which of the following?
A.)
Sectionalists
B.)
Slave catchers
C.)
Abolitionists
D.)
Slaveowners
Slave catchers
76
What did the personal liberty laws passed in several Northern states after the Compromise of 1850 accomplish?
A.)
They provided legal protection to anyone arrested under the Fugitive Slave Act.
B.)
They prevented African Americans, whether free or enslaved, from competing economically with Whites.
C.)
They emancipated enslaved Northerners.
D.)
They nullified the Fugitive Slave Act.
They provided legal protection to anyone arrested under the Fugitive Slave Act.
77
What happened in Lawrence, Kansas, during the 1850s that was significant regarding rising sectional tensions over slavery?
A.)
The Republican Party was established.
B.)
Stephen A. Douglas announced his support for what came to be known as the Kansas–Nebraska Act.
C.)
Proslavery mobs attacked and burned public buildings and settlers’ homes.
D.)
Dred Scott filed a lawsuit claiming that he was a free man.
Proslavery mobs attacked and burned public buildings and settlers’ homes.
78
What was one significance of the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford in 1857?
A.)
It led to violent conflicts on the floor of the Senate.
B.)
It paved the way for new laws to ban slavery from Western territories.
C.)
It stated that Black people could not be U.S. citizens.
D.)
It marked the end of the Free Soil Party.
It stated that Black people could not be U.S. citizens.
79
Which statement accurately describes “border ruffians”?
A.)
The approximately 200 people who died during the extended period of violence in “Bleeding Kansas”
B.)
Northerners who condemned the physical attack in Congress on Charles Sumner
C.)
Missourians who fraudulently voted in Kansas elections
D.)
Abolitionists who killed five proslavery settlers in Missouri
Missourians who fraudulently voted in Kansas elections
80
Which of the following justifications did Southern states give for secession?
A.)
The Constitution was a contract between sovereign states that could be ended at any time.
B.)
The federal government had illegally seized state-owned property and appointed new state leaders.
C.)
Lincoln had labeled the South as an enemy state and convinced Congress to declare war.
D.)
The Southern states did not benefit from participation in the national economy and could do better on their own.
The Constitution was a contract between sovereign states that could be ended at any time.
81
Which of the following statements about the 1860 presidential election is true?
A.)
Lincoln won the Electoral College, but Breckinridge won the popular vote.
B.)
The South rejected Lincoln’s election and declared Davis president of the United States.
C.)
Lincoln was not included on the ballot in several Southern states.
D.)
Up to 60% of the votes cast in Kansas were fraudulent.
Lincoln was not included on the ballot in several Southern states.
82
Why was the presidential election of 1860 so contentious?
A.)
Because all four candidates were from the same political party
B.)
Because the nation and the presidential candidates were greatly divided on the issue of slavery
C.)
Because voters were enraged by the government’s refusal to prosecute John Brown
D.)
Because the South had seceded from the Union and the winner would have to unite the country
Because the nation and the presidential candidates were greatly divided on the issue of slavery
83
Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln’s experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?
A.)
“I care not how slavery is abolished, but I believe it must happen immediately.”
B.)
“I believe owning another human is immoral, but like many, I do not know how to undo the institution of slavery.”
C.)
“The people of the western states must be allowed to make their own laws regarding slavery, with no interference from others.”
D.)
“Someday all black Americans shall live, work, and vote alongside their white neighbors.”
“I believe owning another human is immoral, but like many, I do not know how to undo the institution of slavery.”
84
Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln’s experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?
A.)
“Slavery will be ended everywhere, or it will be forbidden nowhere. There is no middle ground.”
B.)
“I care not if slavery is introduced to the West, so long as Illinois remains always and forever free.”
C.)
“If I am elected, I will abolish slavery once and for all.”
D.)
“All people are created equal, and must have equal rights in everything, regardless of their race
“Slavery will be ended everywhere, or it will be forbidden nowhere. There is no middle ground.”
85
Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln’s experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?
A.)
“I oppose the spread of slavery into the West, but the Constitution has no authority to interfere with slavery where it already exists.”
B.)
“I have a plan for the emancipation of slaves and their smooth integration into American society as free citizens like any others.”
C.)
“If the South intends to preserve the institution of slavery, they must leave the Union.”
D.)
“Natural equality demands racial equality as well. Black men and women must live and work beside their white neighbors.”
“I oppose the spread of slavery into the West, but the Constitution has no authority to interfere with slavery where it already exists.”
86
Which of the following was an advantage for the Confederacy in the Civil War?
A.)
Greater political unity among states
B.)
Economic support from abroad
C.)
A large area for the enemy to conquer
D.)
Citizens’ willingness to pay more taxes
A large area for the enemy to conquer
87
Which of the following was an advantage for the Confederacy in the Civil War?
A.)
More volunteers for military service
B.)
Better railroads and canals
C.)
Its defensive position
D.)
A food-based agricultural economy
Its defensive position
88
Which of the following was an advantage for the Confederacy in the Civil War?
A.)
The hostility of civilians to the Union army
B.)
Better manufacturing capacity
C.)
The ability to issue war bonds
D.)
A larger population
The hostility of civilians to the Union army
89
Which statement about the Emancipation Proclamation is true?
A.)
It didn’t free enslaved people in border states that still allowed slavery.
B.)
It freed all enslaved people in the Confederacy and the Union.
C.)
It came without any warning and shocked the Confederacy.
D.)
It marked the final end of the Civil War.
It didn’t free enslaved people in border states that still allowed slavery.
90
Which statement about the end of the Civil War is true?
A.)
Confederate forces occupied several Northern cities.
B.)
The two armies were still evenly matched.
C.)
The war ended with the death of Robert E. Lee.
D.)
Large parts of the South were ravaged by the war.
Large parts of the South were ravaged by the war.
91
Which statement about the Ten Percent Plan is true?
A.)
It allowed for Southern states to rejoin the Union with relative ease.
B.)
It required a majority of Southerners to swear they hadn’t supported the Confederacy.
C.)
Once ratified, it became the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
D.)
It was passed by Congress but “pocket vetoed” by Lincoln.
It allowed for Southern states to rejoin the Union with relative ease.
92
In the excerpt from Abraham Lincoln’s 1864 speech in Baltimore, what does he mean by “upon a clear conviction of duty I resolved to turn that element of strength to account; and I am responsible for it to the American people, to the christian world, to history, and on my final account to God”?
A.)
Government support for Black soldiers was weak, and Lincoln could not offer them any protection.
B.)
He felt obliged to fully support African American soldiers in the Union Army since he decided to allow them to enlist.
C.)
The soldiers’ skill levels were unknown, and Lincoln feared they could prove to be poor soldiers.
D.)
Lincoln believed Black soldiers should serve as apprentices until they gained military experience.
He felt obliged to fully support African American soldiers in the Union Army since he decided to allow them to enlist.
93
In the excerpt from Frederick Douglass’s 1863 speech “Men of Color, To Arms!” what does he mean by “the arm of the slave was the best defense against the arm of the slaveholder”?
A.)
African Americans were the logical choice to participate in the war against slavery.
B.)
Enslaved men should defend the Union against Confederate attacks.
C.)
Enslaved people should be allowed to arm themselves against a government that threatened their existence.
D.)
African Americans deserved to seek retaliation for their continuous enslavement.
African Americans were the logical choice to participate in the war against slavery.
94
Why did the Committee of Merchants for the Relief of Colored People Suffering from the Late Riots emphasize that “[James] Costello was a shoemaker, an active man in his business—industrious and sober”?
A.)
They wanted to establish that Costello was an innocent and exemplary person who didn’t deserve his fate.
B.)
They wanted to show that free Black people deserved the same social and economic opportunities as White people.
C.)
They wanted to emphasize that Costello was not enslaved but rather was a free business owner.
D.)
They wanted their audience to understand that African Americans were equally capable of temperance.
They wanted to establish that Costello was an innocent and exemplary person who didn’t deserve his fate.
95
Why did Radical Republicans disapprove of Presidential Reconstruction?
A.)
They believed it didn’t give Southern states equal representation.
B.)
They believed it gave too many rights to formerly enslaved people.
C.)
They believed it was too lenient on the Southern states.
D.)
They believed it didn’t address the issue of slavery.
They believed it was too lenient on the Southern states.
96
Which of the following was a component of Congressional Reconstruction but not Presidential Reconstruction?
A.)
A requirement that wealthy Southerners seek presidential pardons
B.)
Black codes in Southern states
C.)
A loyalty oath sworn by 10% of a Southern state’s population
D.)
Citizenship for all people born in the United States
Citizenship for all people born in the United States
97
Which of the following was a component of Presidential Reconstruction but not Congressional Reconstruction?
A.)
Federal power to intervene in state governments
B.)
Suffrage for all males, regardless of skin color
C.)
Strict federal oversight of new state constitutions
D.)
Amnesty for nonwealthy civilians in the Southern states
Amnesty for nonwealthy civilians in the Southern states
98
Which of the following groups was responsible for assassinating a U.S. congressman and three state congressmen during Reconstruction?
A.)
The Knights of the White Camelia
B.)
The Union Leagues
C.)
The Redeemers
D.)
The Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan
99
Which of the following groups was associated with educating formerly enslaved people during Reconstruction?
A.)
The U.S. Army
B.)
The Freedmen’s Bureau
C.)
The Redeemers
D.)
The Red Shirts
The Freedmen’s Bureau
100
Which of the following groups wanted to minimize changes to the South after the Civil War?
A.)
The carpetbaggers
B.)
The Union Leagues
C.)
The Redeemers
D.)
The Freedmen’s Bureau
The Redeemers
101
Select the law or event that is paired correctly with its effect.
A.)
The Sand Creek Massacre—resulted in the death of Sitting Bull
B.)
The Homestead Act—encouraged westward migration by providing free land (after a filling fee) to settlers
C.)
The Battle of Little Bighorn—marked the end of violent conflict between the U.S. Army and native tribes in the West
D.)
The Pacific Railway Acts—prohibited the construction of railroads west of the Mississippi
The Homestead Act—encouraged westward migration by providing free land (after a filling fee) to settlers
102
Which of the following events resulted in each state receiving 30,000 acres of federal lands on which to build land grant colleges?
A.)
The Treaty of Fort Laramie
B.)
The Homestead Act
C.)
The Battle of Little Bighorn
D.)
The Morrill Act
The Morrill Act
103
Which of the following events resulted in the establishment of a reservation for the Lakota tribe in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory?
A.)
The Battle of Little Bighorn
B.)
The Homestead Act
C.)
The Treaty of Fort Laramie
D.)
The Morrill Act
The Treaty of Fort Laramie
104
Which of the following statements best reflects W. E. B. Du Bois’ interpretation of Reconstruction?
A.)
“Both White Southern landowners and Northern business interests wanted to profit from and exploit Black labor.”
B.)
“Union Leagues and other organizations taught African Americans to hate White Southerners.”
C.)
“During Reconstruction, the South was the victim of federal overreach and foolish racial policies.”
D.)
“Reconstruction for the African American resulted in permanent political, social, and economic equality.”
“Both White Southern landowners and Northern business interests wanted to profit from and exploit Black labor.”
105
Which of these historians would most likely agree with the statement that the Reconstruction’s failures resulted from the federal government not going far enough to protect the rights of American citizens?
A.)
William A. Dunning
B.)
John W. Burgess
C.)
Claude G. Bowers
D.)
Eric Foner
Eric Foner
106
Which of the following statements best reflects the Dunning School’s interpretation of Reconstruction?
A.)
“The failure of Reconstruction was not in giving Black men the right to vote, but in how difficult it was for them to exercise that right.”
B.)
“When the federal government provided every need, African Americans remained childlike and helpless.”
C.)
“The transformation of slaves into free laborers was an example of the social and political changes brought about by Reconstruction.”
D.)
“During Reconstruction, the federal government began to extend equal rights and protections to all citizens.”
“When the federal government provided every need, African Americans remained childlike and helpless.”
107
"The conduct of impenitent sinners demonstrates that they prefer Satan as the ruler of the world, they obey his laws, electioneer for him, and are zealous for his interests, even to martyrdom... A new heart is the choice of JEHOVAH as the supreme ruler.”
Which cultural movement was the author likely a part of?
The Second Great Awakening
Abolition of slavery
Women's activism
The temperance movement
The Second Great Awakening
108
The declines of deference and the Federalist party can be partially attributed to which of the following factors?
The Naturalization Act, which extended voting rights to all immigrants
The successful political candidacies of George Washington and John Adams
The continued practice of showing respect to members of the elite
The American Revolution’s emphasis on natural equality
The American Revolution’s emphasis on natural equality
109
Which of the following statements is true?
James Madison carried out the War of 1812 without approval from Congress.
The War of 1812 did not result in any significant territorial gains for the United States.
The War of 1812 is sometimes referred to as "the actual American Revolution."
The War of 1812 was primarily between France and England, with whom the United States sided.
The War of 1812 did not result in any significant territorial gains for the United States.
110
How were the responsibilities of the national government, such as the maintenance of the Continental Army, funded under the Articles of Confederation?
There was no plan for government funding under the Articles of Confederation.
States were expected, but not forced, to provide tax monies to Congress.
Individual citizens were taxed directly by Congress.
Congress relied on assistance from the wealthiest members of society.
States were expected, but not forced, to provide tax monies to Congress.
111
Which of the following statements might have been said by a Federalist?
"The diversity of the United States demands a national government with three distinct branches."
“A government controlled by the elite will trample our individual liberties.”
"Tyranny by the majority can only be limited by granting most powers to state governments."
“The government will be run by the wealthy, who have little interest in serving all citizens.”
"The diversity of the United States demands a national government with three distinct branches."
112
Which statement best describes Jefferson's goal for creating an "empire of liberty" in the West?
To force Western territories to sell raw materials to Europe
To subject new groups of Native Americans to governmental control
To make Western lands colonies of the United States
To reinforce the principles of self-government and individual liberty
To reinforce the principles of self-government and individual liberty
113
Which of the following was a cause of Native American removal from the American South?
Federal treaties that had been formed with the Southeastern tribes.
Rebellions of enslaved people that had been supported by Southeastern tribes.
Violence on the frontier and the desire to possess native lands.
A Supreme Court order that required the state of Georgia to comply with the Indian Removal Act.
Violence on the frontier and the desire to possess native lands.
114
"I view the federal government as the most important mechanism for economic development."
Which of the following people might have been most likely to make this statement?
A member of the Whig party
A member of the Democratic party
Martin Van Buren
Andrew Jackson
A member of the Whig party
115
The Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans viewed the French Revolution differently.
Which of the following statements represents the view held by most Democratic-Republicans?
They argued that the opposing party’s policies would lead the United States to anarchy.
They supported concessions to Great Britain in order to maintain close trade relations.
They believed the violence of the French Revolution highlighted the dangers of direct democracy.
They considered Jay’s Treaty a betrayal of France and protested in the streets.
They considered Jay’s Treaty a betrayal of France and protested in the streets.
116
Which of the following agreements at the Constitutional Convention is correctly paired with its description?
The Great Compromise: Created an executive, a legislative, and a judicial branch to govern the country
The Electoral College: Planned for the legislative branch to be comprised of two separate houses
The Three-Fifths Compromise: Accounted for enslaved people in determining the composition of Congress
Three Branches: Established a system for representatives from each state to select the president
The Three-Fifths Compromise: Accounted for enslaved people in determining the composition of Congress
117
Which of the following statements about the divided political climate during the administrations of George Washington and John Adams is true?
Adams was believed by many to be an illegitimate president because he did not win in the Electoral College fairly.
The president mustered a militia to enforce federal law and control a rebellion by private citizens.
The proposed theory of nullification demonstrated how the government was believed to serve only itself.
American citizens were not allowed to read newspapers or take part in political debate.
The president mustered a militia to enforce federal law and control a rebellion by private citizens.
118
Which of the following was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century?
Class divisions fractured northern society, as most workers realized they could never hope to climb the economic ladder.
Cotton production replaced textile manufacturing as the backbone of the economy.
Railroads fueled the growth of cities west of the Mississippi River.
The construction of canals in the North rendered many east-west trade routes obsolete.
Railroads fueled the growth of cities west of the Mississippi River.
119
What was the Nullification Crisis?
A plan proposed by John Quincy Adams to build up infrastructure and raise tariffs
A conflict over whether a state had the right to void federal laws it didn't like
A campaign promise by Andrew Jackson to remove unfair taxes from the common man
A compromise to lower (but not altogether eliminate) tariffs on imported goods
A conflict over whether a state had the right to void federal laws it didn't like
120
Which of the following was a cause of the market revolution in the United States?
The development of household economies, primarily in New England, but in other states as well
The formation of labor unions in the North
New technology like water-powered mills being introduced to the United States
Laws restricting the development of factories in the states
New technology like water-powered mills being introduced to the United States
121
Which statement best characterizes the South's economy by the mid-1800s?
It encouraged equality and economic prosperity for any person who worked hard.
It relied primarily on railroads to carry its goods to market.
The demand for cotton decreased as textile mills in the North expanded.
It was heavily dependent on slavery, westward expansion and steamboats.
It was heavily dependent on slavery, westward expansion and steamboats.
122
Why was the Tallmadge Amendment significant?
Once enacted, it set the stage for the ultimate abolition of slavery forty years later.
It sparked a controversy that led to sectional divisions within the Democratic-Republican Party.
It allowed Missouri to have slavery but prevented the further spread of slavery in northern states.
It specified the procedure when no presidential candidate received a majority in the Electoral College.
It sparked a controversy that led to sectional divisions within the Democratic-Republican Party.
123
Which of the following statements about Hamilton, Jefferson and the creation of a national bank is true?
Hamilton opposed the creation of a national bank, favoring instead an agricultural economy.
Hamilton advocated the creation of a national bank and a commerce-driven economy.
Jefferson advocated the creation of a national bank but wanted a farm-based economy.
Jefferson opposed the creation of a national bank, which he believed would hurt merchants.
Hamilton advocated the creation of a national bank and a commerce-driven economy.
124
Which of the following statements about antislavery activism in the early 19th century is true?
The Second Great Awakening contributed to the rise of militant abolitionism.
Most emancipated slaves wanted to leave the United States and resettle in Africa.
Most Northern business owners and workers supported slavery’s expansion into the Western territories.
Most militant abolitionists supported emancipation but not equal rights for African Americans.
The Second Great Awakening contributed to the rise of militant abolitionism.
125
What was the most immediate cause for the secession of Southern states from the Union?
John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry
The creation of the Republican Party
The election of Abraham Lincoln
The Kansas–Nebraska Act
The election of Abraham Lincoln
126
The population of enslaved individuals in the United States continued to grow in the first half of the 19th century primarily due to:
the enslavement of Native Americans.
natural reproduction.
the capture and re-enslavement of free African Americans.
the transatlantic slave trade.
natural reproduction.
127
Consider the following statement:
“What! mothers from their children riven!—What! God’s own image bought and sold!—AMERICANS to market driven, And bartered as the brute for gold!”
Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?
The Seneca Falls Convention
The separate spheres ideology
Republican motherhood
The abolition movement
The abolition movement
128
“The development of the West is a great way to ease the economic tensions in the East.”
Which element of manifest destiny is reflected in this statement?
Safety valve
Republicanism
Divine mission
White supremacy
Safety valve
129
Controversies in the 1850s resulted in a political change in America—the end of the second party system. By 1854, a new political party emerged focused on limiting the spread of __________ into __________.
slavery; the West
abolitionism; the South
Democrats; the North
Republicans; Congress
slavery; the West
130
Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln’s experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?
“I’m not opposed to slavery on moral grounds, but it will tear our nation in half if it doesn’t end.”
“I believe all men should be free, including those currently enslaved. Yet I don’t know what to do once they are.”
“If Congress abolished slavery, it will hurt our nation’s economy and violate the Constitution, but we should do it anyway.”
“Popular sovereignty can and will adequately maintain the balance between slave and free states.”
“I believe all men should be free, including those currently enslaved. Yet I don’t know what to do once they are.”
131
Which form of resistance to slavery was the most common?
Conspiring to revolt in Southern cities
Running away to Northern free states
Carrying out violent rebellions on plantations
Feigning ignorance and cultural adaptations
Feigning ignorance and cultural adaptations
132
Which of the following was an advantage for the Union in the Civil War?
A defensive position
The proximity of the Confederacy’s capital to the North
A manufacturing-based economy
The immense size of the South
A manufacturing-based economy
133
Which of the following was an effect of the Fugitive Slave Act?
Northern abolitionists proposed a constitutional amendment to ban slavery throughout the United States.
Southerners threatened to leave the Union unless the act was repealed.
Northern state legislatures strictly enforced the law, leading to many arrests.
Northerners viewed Southern slave owners as having undue influence on the federal government.
Northerners viewed Southern slave owners as having undue influence on the federal government.
134
Which of the following is correctly paired with its effect?
Radical Republicans—opposed any efforts to provide former slaves with civil rights or protection
Thirteenth Amendment—led to the assassination of President Lincoln at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth
Wade-Davis Bill—revealed a split in the Republican Party over how to go about reconstructing the Union
Ironclad Oath—was never passed but would have required all Northerners to forgive the Southern states that seceded from the Union
Wade-Davis Bill—revealed a split in the Republican Party over how to go about reconstructing the Union
135
Why did the Committee of Merchants for the Relief of Colored People Suffering From the Late Riots emphasize that Abraham Franklin “was a quiet, inoffensive man, 23 years of age, of unexceptionable character, and a member of Zion African Church in this city”?
They wanted to show how some participants in the riots were otherwise good people who got stirred up by mob mentality and did bad things.
They wanted to show that African Americans were perfectly capable of civic virtue and thus should be allowed to fight in the Union army.
They wanted to show that Franklin was not a slave but a free man, and it was thus unjust to capture him and force him into slavery.
They wanted to show how many victims of the riots were upstanding individuals, targeted for no other reason than the color of their skin.
They wanted to show how many victims of the riots were upstanding individuals, targeted for no other reason than the color of their skin.
136
The decision to divide the South into five military districts overseen by the Army was part of __________.
Presidential Reconstruction
the Thirteenth Amendment
the Black Codes
Congressional Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction
137
Which of the following groups was most closely associated with the Republican Party?
The Union Leagues
The U.S. Army
The Redeemers
The Klu Klux Klan
The Union Leagues
138
Which of the following was designed to encourage Americans to settle in the West?
The Sand Creek Massacre
The Black Hills gold rush
The Homestead Act
The Treaty of Fort Laramie
The Homestead Act
