Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

niche generalist

Answer 1

can live under a wide range of conditions and has a higher tolerance to change

Question 2

niche specialist

Answer 2

lives under a narrow range of conditions, limited diet, less tolerance to change

Question 3

k selected species

Answer 3

energy put into long term survival, high parental care, larger, fewer offspring, type 1 curve

Question 4

r selected species

Answer 4

energy put into reproduction, irregular cycles, small bodied, reproduce early, little parental care, type iii curve

Question 5

biotic potential

Answer 5

maximum reproductive rate of a population in ideal conditions

Question 6

survivorship curve

Answer 6

graph that shows the proportion of individuals surviving at each age for a given species

Question 7

type I curve

Answer 7

late loss where most of the population survives longer

Question 8

type II curve

Answer 8

death rate is consistent throughout lifespan

Question 9

type III curve

Answer 9

high percentage of population dies early on in life

Question 10

logistic growth model

Answer 10

restricted growth where there is exponential growth and then the rate slows down due to limiting factors

Question 11

s shaped curve

Answer 11

rate slows down and maximum growth has been reached due to limiting factors

Question 12

overshoot

Answer 12

when a quickly growing population exceeds the carrying capacity and experiences a dieback

Question 13

die off

Answer 13

sudden decline in a population due to overshoot

Question 14

carrying capacity (k)

Answer 14

the number of individuals that can be supported sustainably in a given area

Question 15

population growth models

Answer 15

exponential or logistic growth patterns that show population growth

Question 16

population growth rate

Answer 16

annual average rate of change of a population size

Question 17

intrinsic growth rate (r)

Answer 17

compares growth rates of populations of species in different generation times

Question 18

exponential growth model

Answer 18

unrestricted growth and acceleration

Question 19

j shaped curve

Answer 19

exponential growth model

Question 20

corridor

Answer 20

an area that connects wildlife that has been separated by human activity

Question 21

metapopulation

Answer 21

a population of populations that is made of the same species with subgroups

Question 22

inbreeding depression

Answer 22

causes reduced survival and fertility due to loss of genetic diversity

Question 23

population

Answer 23

group of same species in an area

Question 24

community

Answer 24

living populations in an area

Question 25

population ecology

Answer 25

study of populations and how they change over time

Question 26

population size (N)

Answer 26

same

Question 27

population density

Answer 27

number of individuals in a specific area

Question 28

population distribution

Answer 28

dispersion patterns of species geographically either clumped, random, or uniform

Question 29

limiting resource

Answer 29

determines carrying capacity and is necessary for the survival of a population

Question 30

sex ratio

Answer 30

ratio between male and female

Question 31

age structure

Answer 31

proportionate numbers of people in different age categories in a population at a given time

Question 32

age structure diagram

Answer 32

shows population growth and demographic changes separating gender, as well as age groups based on reproductive age

Question 33

population pyramid

Answer 33

population has high birth rates and most of the population is in the reproductive age group

Question 34

infant mortality rate

Answer 34

the number of deaths children under 1 year old per 1,000 live births

Question 35

child mortality

Answer 35

the number of deaths of children under 5 per 1,000 live births

Question 36

total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 36

average number of children a woman produces in her life

Question 37

replacement level fertility

Answer 37

TFR required to offset the average number of deaths in a population to keep population size stable

Question 38

density dependent factor

Answer 38

factors that affect population such as disease, competition, and predation

Question 39

density independent factor

Answer 39

food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, climate changes

Question 40

doubling time

Answer 40

figure out how long it would take for a population to double using the Rule of 70

Question 41

demography

Answer 41

statistical study of size, structure, and movements of populations

Question 42

demographer

Answer 42

an expert on statistics on the structure of human populations

Question 43

immigration

Answer 43

internal movement of a population

Question 44

emigration

Answer 44

external/leaving movement of a population

Question 45

crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 45

the number of live births a year per 1,000 divided by years

Question 46

crude death rate (CDR)

Answer 46

the number of deaths in a given period divided by the population exposed to risk of death

Question 47

life expectancy

Answer 47

average time an organism is expected to live based on year, current age, and sex

Question 48

net migration rate

Answer 48

the number of immigrants minus emigrants

Question 49

population momentum

Answer 49

when a country's fertility rate declines to replacement level, but the population still increases

Question 50

developed country

Answer 50

country with a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technology

Question 51

developing country

Answer 51

country with a lesser industrial base than other countries