UNIT 3 - VOCAB

Question 1

the beliefs, values,practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

material objects shared by a group, such as food or clothing

Answer 2

Culture Trait

Question 3

visible objects and technologies that a culture creates, such as houses and buildings, clothing, tools, toys and land-use practices

Answer 3

Artifacts

Question 4

structures and organizations that influence social behavior, such as families, governments, educational systems, and religious organizations; define the way people act around others and establish rules that govern behavior

Answer 4

Sociofacts

Question 5

the central, enduring elements of a culture that reflect its shared ideas values knowledge and beliefs- are the slowest to change

Answer 5

Mentifacts

Question 6

defined as the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time- tend to change quickly (technology helps speed up)

Answer 6

Popular Culture

Question 7

composed of long-established behaviors, beliefs and practices that are passed down from generation to generation

Answer 7

Traditional Culture

Question 8

shared standards and patterns that guide the behavior of a group of people, play an important role in upholding traditions and keep traditional culture from changing

Answer 8

Cultural Norms

Question 9

the tendency of ethic groups to evaluate other groups according to their preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

Answer 9

Ethnocentrism

Question 10

the evaluation of a culture solely based on its unique standards

Answer 10

Cultural Relativism

Question 11

a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

Answer 11

Cultural Landscape

Question 12

how humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others– how do cultural landscapes influence and reflect a group’s identity, and vice versa

Answer 12

Identity

Question 13

the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

Answer 13

Sequent Occupance

Question 14

the state of religions to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

Answer 14

Ethnicity

Question 15

cultural landscapes within communities of people outside of their areas of origin

Answer 15

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Question 16

established building styles of different cultures, religions, and places– was originally influenced by the environment and is based on localized needs and construction materials

Answer 16

Traditional Architecture

Question 17

emerged in the 1960s as a reaction to “modern” designs, which emphasized form, structure, and materials

Answer 17

Postmodern Architecture:

Question 18

system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes beliefs, and values– the motives behind observable cultural behaviors and practices

Answer 18

Religion

Question 19

a journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons

Answer 19

Pilgrimage

Question 20

is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities

Answer 20

Language

Question 21

help define what is unique about a place, such as its geographic features or history

Answer 21

Toponyms

Question 22

can exist in homes, workplaces, and public areas; can be supportive, positive places or restrictive places; more restrictive for women

Answer 22

Gendered Spaces

Question 23

is one’s most innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither

Answer 23

Gender Identity

Question 24

spaces of acceptance for people such as members of the LGBTQ+ community who are sometimes marginalized by society

Answer 24

Safe Spaces

Question 25

the renovations and improvements conforming to middle class preferences

Answer 25

Gentrification

Question 26

refers to a communal space such as a coffee shop, fitness center, or bookstore that is separate from home (first place) or work (second place)

Answer 26

Third Place

Question 27

fill a geographic location with meaning by connecting memories and feelings to it; continually adjusting, which impacts that person’s understanding of that place

Answer 27

Sense of Place

Question 28

is a community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play and learn

Answer 28

Placemaking

Question 29

is a variation of a standard language specific to a general area; pronunciation, speed, word choice and spelling

Answer 29

Dialects

Question 30

the people who are loyal to belief, religion, or organization

Answer 30

Adherents

Question 31

separate organizations that unite a number of local congregations

Answer 31

Denominations

Question 32

a small group that has separated from an established denomination

Answer 32

Sect

Question 33

a force that unites a group of people

Answer 33

Centripetal Force

Question 34

a force that divides groups of people

Answer 34

Centrifugal Force

Question 35

the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place

Answer 35

Diffusion

Question 36

where a trait often originates and initially diffuses, or spreads, from there

Answer 36

Cultural Hearth

Question 37

Occurs when an aspect of culture spreads outward from where it originated

Answer 37

Expansion diffusion

Question 38

occurs when an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently or two people or places that are next door or adjoining one another

Answer 38

Contagious Diffusion

Question 39

is that spread of an idea or treat from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

Answer 39

Hierarchical Diffusion

Question 40

occurs when the fundamental idea behind a cross cultural trait stimulates a new innovation

Answer 40

Stimulus Diffusion

Question 41

a common language used among speakers of different languages as the conquered people adopted the language of the Conqueror

Answer 41

Lingua Franca

Question 42

rather than leading to the adoption of a common cultural trait, interactions between cultures can result in two or more cultural elements blending together

Answer 42

Creolization

Question 43

as cultures interact with one another, they become more similar, sharing and adopting one another’s ideas, innovations, and other cultural traits

Answer 43

Cultural Convergence

Question 44

conflicting beliefs, or other barriers can cause two cultures to become less similar; can happen when a person or group moves away from their core culture and is exposed to new cultural traits

Answer 44

Cultural Divergence

Question 45

where people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

Answer 45

Acculturation

Question 46

category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

Answer 46

Assimilation

Question 47

traits from two or more cultures blend together to form a new custom, idea, value, or practice (combining different cultural features into something new)

Answer 47

Syncretism

Question 48

diverse cultures coexist within a shared space; people in these spaces do not belong solely to one culture or another; they may share some cultural features with others around them while retaining some of their original cultural traits

Answer 48

Multiculturalism

Question 49

act of adopting elements of another culture; usually used to describe the adoption by a dominant culture of one or more elements of a minority culture

Answer 49

Cultural Appropriation

Question 50

where people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and be obedient to and respectful of elder family members

Answer 50

Collectivist Cultures

Question 51

largest grouping of related languages and includes those languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth or origin

Answer 51

Language Family

Question 52

no known historic or linguistic relationship with any other known language

Answer 52

Isolate

Question 53

collection of languages within a family share a common origin and were separated from other branches and may some similarities in grammatical structure, but are so distinct that speakers of languages cannot understand each other

Answer 53

Language Branch

Question 54

languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

Answer 54

Language Groups

Question 55

attempt to appeal to a wide variety of people and are open to membership by all, regardless of a person’s location, language, or ethnicity

Answer 55

Universalizing Religion

Question 56

closely tied with a particular ethnic group generally in a particular region

Answer 56

Ethnic Religion