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biology > Unit 3 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

genotype

A

The set of alleles an organism inherits

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2
Q

allele

A

Versions of a gene that arise through mutation

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3
Q

meiosis

A

Cell division that occurs in sex cells

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4
Q

Gametes

A

Egg and sperm cells

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5
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genes in an organism

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5
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division that occurs in all body cells

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6
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

The matching chromosomes a person inherits from their mother and father

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7
Q

Independent assortment

A

A process that increases genetic diversity during meiosis

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8
Q

Germline cells

A

Cells that divide to produce gametes

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9
Q

Zygote

A

The cell formed when an egg and sperm meet

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10
Q

Somatic cells

A

Body cells (hair, skin, brain, bone, etc)

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11
Q

Crossing over

A

the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

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12
Q

Pedigree

A

a chart that shows an ancestral line; line of descent; lineage; ancestry

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13
Q

Heterozygous

A

containing two different alleles for a particular trait

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14
Q

Chromosomes

A

the genetic information of a trait

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15
Q

DNA Fingerpainting

A

the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids, especially when conducted in order to identify individuals.

16
Q

Recessive Allele

A

an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when it’s paired with an identical allele.

17
Q

Homozygous

A

refers to a pair of genes where it has two of the same allele

18
Q

Karyotype

A

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

19
Q

Dominant allele

A

is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.

biology (5 decks)

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