Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

civil liberties

Answer 1

the personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge

Question 2

civil rights

Answer 2

rights that are protected by the government against discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals

Question 3

Bill of Rights

Answer 3

First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Question 4

Example of civil liberties

Answer 4

Bill of Rights

Question 5

example of civil rights

Answer 5

right to fair trial, right to vote

Question 6

importance of Bill of Rights

Answer 6

Largely guarantees specific rights and liberties

Question 7

establishment clause

Answer 7

Directs the national government not to sanction an official religion

Question 8

importance of establishment clause

Answer 8

Government should not prioritize or be biased towards one religion over another

Question 9

free exercise clause

Answer 9

second clause of first amendment

Question 10

importance of free exercise clause

Answer 10

prohibited the U.S. government from interfering with a citizen’s right to practice his or her religion

Question 11

symbolic speech

Answer 11

symbols, signs, and other methods of expression

Question 12

example of symbolic speech

Answer 12

wearing armbands, such as in Tinker v. Des Moines

Question 13

prior restraint

Answer 13

a government action that prohibits materials from being published

Question 14

example of prior restraint

Answer 14

FTC and FCC regulates commercial speech and public airwaves

Question 15

incorporation doctrine

Answer 15

doctrine that defined the belief that some personal rights/liberties were so important that they needed extra protection from the government

Question 16

importance of incorporation doctrine

Answer 16

limited government regulations regarding civil rights and liberties

Question 17

selective incorporation

Answer 17

gradual application of the Bill of Rights to the states

Question 18

example of selective incorporation

Answer 18

McDonald v. Chicago, Second Amendment was incorporated to the states

Question 19

due process clause

Answer 19

guarantees that the government cannot take a person’s basic rights to “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”

Question 20

example of due process clause

Answer 20

states must prove that their laws constituted a valid exercise of their power to regulate the overall wellbeing of citizens

Question 21

Miranda Rights

Answer 21

must be read to the person detained by a police officer that lists the issue at hand

Question 22

importance of Miranda Rights

Answer 22

forbids self-incrimination

Question 23

Ninth Amendment

Answer 23

People get rights even if they are not listed in the Constitution

Question 24

Importance of Ninth Amendment

Answer 24

Makes it clear that other rights exists, not only those listed in the Constitution or Bill of Rights

Question 25

Tenth Amendment

Answer 25

States and the people get rights not explicitly mentioned in the Constution

Question 26

Importance of Tenth Amendment

Answer 26

makes it clear that institutions of the federal government exercise only limited and enumerated powers

Question 27

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 27

established equal treatment of all citizens, also apart of the reconstruction amendments. All of those born in the U.S. are considered citizens.

Question 28

example of Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 28

former African American slaves that were born in the U.S. were granted citizenship after the amendment was added

Question 29

equal protection clause

Answer 29

prohibits states from denying to any person, within its jurisdiction, equal protection of the laws

Question 30

importance of equal protection clause

Answer 30

combats discrimination and ensures due process

Question 31

separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 31

Doctrine that resulted from the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, claiming that if both facilities are equal, they could be separate

Question 32

Example of separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 32

Resulting from the doctrine was separated waiting rooms, restrooms, water fountains, etc. based off of race

Question 33

suffrage

Answer 33

the right to vote, and suffrage movement was about advocating for women's voting rights

Question 34

Example of suffrage

Answer 34

Nineteenth Amendment established that voting ability would not be based upon gender

Question 35

exclusionary rule

Answer 35

prevents the government from using evidence that is found in violation of the Constitution

Question 36

Example of exclusionary rule

Answer 36

in Mapp v. Ohio the court ruled that evidence that was illegally acquired violated the Fourth Amendment

Question 37

civil rights act of 1964

Answer 37

prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, etc.

Question 38

importance of civil rights act

Answer 38

Overturned the decision made in Plessy v. Ferguson, outlawede segregation that was inherently unequal

Question 39

voting rights of 1965

Answer 39

prohibited racial discrimination in voting

Question 40

importance of voting rights act

Answer 40

prohibited states from using literacy tests and other methods that excluded certain groups from voting

Question 41

title IX (1972)

Answer 41

prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs

Question 42

example of title IX

Answer 42

sex-based discrimination in a schools STEM courses and programs

Question 43

affirmative action

Answer 43

policies that give special attention to those that belong to a previously disadvantaged group

Question 44

example of affirmative action

Answer 44

outreach campaigns, grants/scholarships

Question 45

due process

Answer 45

protecting fundamental rights