Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
(37 cards)
Culture
the shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society
Ethnicity
Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions
Indigenous
Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native
Multiculturalism
The presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society
Expansion Diffusion
Innovations or ideas develop in a source area and remain strong there while also spreading outward in an additive process
Relocation Diffusion
Individuals or populations migrating from a source area
physically carry innovations or ideas to new areas
Acculturation
When cultures come into contact, the less dominant culture adopts some of the traits of the more influential one
Assimilation
When cultures come into contact, the dominant culture completely absorbs the less dominant one
Contagious Diffusion
A form of expansion diffusion in which almost all individuals and areas outward from the source region are affected
Creolization
The evolution of a language that evolves as groups of speakers lose their former native tongues through disuse and adopt a pidgin as their first language
Cultural Hearth
The areas where civilizations first began that radiated
the customs, innovations, and ideologies that culturally transformed the world
Cultural Relativism
Putting aside one’s own cultural preferences to consider another culture based on its own people’s needs and values
Dialect
A regional variant of a standard language’s vocabulary, pronunciations, accents, etc.
Cultural Trait
A single attribute of a culture, including food preferences, architecture, and land use
Ethnocentrism
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture
Hierarchical Diffusion
A form of expansion diffusion in which ideas and artifacts spread first between larger places or prominent people and only later to smaller places or less prominent people
Language
A systematic means of communicating ideas and feelings through the use of signs, gestures, marks, or vocal sounds
Language Famililes
A collection of languages related to each other through a
common ancestor long before recorded history
Lingua Franca
An established language that comes to be spoken and understood over a large area (usually internationally), typically for economic purposes
Sequent Occupancy
The succession of groups and their cultural influences throughout a place’s history
Stimulus Diffusion
A form of expansion diffusion in which a basic idea, though not the specific trait itself, stimulates imitative behavior within a population
Syncretism
The process of the fusion between old culture traits and newly-diffused culture traits
Ethnic Religion
A religion that generally does not seek converts outside the group that gave rise to the religion, and therefore tends to be spatially concentrated
Universalizing Religion
A religion that attempts to be global in its appeal to all
people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to
those in one location
